“…In zirconia ceramic, to promote micromechanical retention, sandblasting method can be used instead of acid etching, and for chemical bonding, instead of silane coupling agents, adhesive monomer could be applied [26]. The fact that both sandblasting and metal primers influence the bond strength of dental ceramics has been demonstrated in previous studies [1,[27][28][29]. However, airborne particle abrasion has the possibility to create subcritical microcracks and phase transformation within the zirconia surface, consequently causing unfavorable changes of superior mechanical properties of zirconia ceramics [13,30].…”