“…Studies have shown the commercial phosphate-monomer-containing-zirconia primers, such as Metal/Zirconia Primer (Ivoclar Vivadent), Monobond Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Clerafil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray), Signum Zirconia Bond (Heraeus), AZ Primer (Shofu) and ZPrime Plus (Bisco) significantly improved the initial and long-term resin bond strengths to zirconia ceramics Azimian et al, 2011;Koizumi et al, 2012;Attia and Kern, 2011a;Ural et al, 2010;Takeuchi et al, 2010;Kitayama et al, 2010b;Lehmann and Kern, 2009;Magne et al, 2010). The metal primes that contain phosphate monomers, such as Alloy Primer (Kuraray), Estenia Opaque Primer (Kuraray) were also effective for improving bond strengths between zirconia and resin cements (Souza et al, 2011;Yun et al, 2010;Nakayama et al, 2010;Lehmann and Kern, 2009). Some newly designed experimental bonding agents which contained phosphate monomers, such as 6-methacryloyloxyhexyl phosphonoacetate (6-MHPA), also showed strong adhesion to Zirconia ceramic materials (Ikemura et al, 2011a;2011c).…”