Effect of surface composition and roughness on the apparent surface free energy of silica aerogel materials

Mahadik, D. B.; Rao, A. Venkateswara; Kavale, Mahendra S.; Wagh, P. B.; Ingale, S. V.; Gupta, Satish C.

doi:10.1063/1.3635398

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In general, the surface wettability is a measure of the surface energy and is most commonly quantified by θ CA [18]. The surface energy for CZO thin films was calculated using the Fowkes-Girifalco-Good (FGG) theory [30]. According to the analysis of the FGG method, the considered critical interaction is the dispersive force or the van der Waals force across the interface existing between the water droplet and the solid surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Analysis and Optical Properties of Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Chen

Juang

2018

Coatings

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In this study, Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) thin films were grown on glass substrates by using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The effects of Cu doping on the structural, surface morphological, optical properties, and wettability behaviors of CZO thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement, respectively. The XRD results indicated that all CZO thin films were textured, having a preferential crystallographic orientation along the hexagonal wurtzite (002) axis. The average transmittance in the visible wavelength region was above 80% for all CZO thin films. The optical band gap of the CZO films decreased from 3.18 to 2.85 eV when the Cu-doping was increased from 2% to 10%. In addition, the water contact angle measurements were carried out to delineate the Cu-doping effects on the changes in the surface energy and wettability of the films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Analysis and Optical Properties of Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Chen

Juang

2018

Coatings

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“…2 shows the contact angle of the PCBM/AZO/ITO/glass, the P3HT/AZO/ ITO/glass, the P3HT:PCBM/AZO/ITO/glass, and the P3HT:PCBM/ PCBM/AZO/ITO/glass samples. Using the extended GirifalcoGood-Fowkes-Young (GGFY) equations [20,21], the corresponding surface energy estimated from the measured contact angles was 25.84 mN/m, 19.78 mN/m, 21.85 mN/m, and 20.54 mN/m, respectively. The surface energy of the PCBM/AZO/ITO/glass was larger than that of the P3HT/AZO/ITO/glass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance improvement mechanisms of P3HT:PCBM inverted polymer solar cells using extra PCBM and extra P3HT interfacial layers

Huang

Lee

2015

Organic Electronics

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“…Annealing could have thermally assisted the doped Cu ions to occupy the Ni sites, and the ionic size difference, in turn, gives rise to the internal lattice strain. Within the context of this scenario, the slight decrease of the hardness between the as-deposited and 300 • C-annealed CNO thin films may be explained by the relaxation of residual stress via recrystallization and crystallite reorientation during the early stage of the annealing process [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Within the context of this scenario, The inset of Figure 6 shows the load-displacement curve of the as-deposited CNO film for comparison. In general, the nanoindentation curves can provide rich information about the elastic and plastic deformation behaviors of the materials, and prominent parameters such as hardness and the Young's modulus can be readily obtained [49,50]. Moreover, it is suggested that, when performing the nanoindentation tests, the nanoindentation depth should never exceed 30% of the films' thickness or the size of nanostructures [51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annealing-Driven Microstructural Evolution and Its Effects on the Surface and Nanomechanical Properties of Cu-Doped NiO Thin Films

2019

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The effects of annealing temperature on the structural, surface morphological and nanomechanical properties of Cu-doped (Cu-10 at %) NiO thin films grown on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering are investigated in this study. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the as-deposited Cu-doped NiO (CNO) thin films predominantly consisted of highly defective (200)-oriented grains, as revealed by the broadened diffraction peaks. Progressively increasing the annealing temperature from 300 to 500 °C appeared to drive the films into a more equiaxed polycrystalline structure with enhanced film crystallinity, as manifested by the increased intensities and narrower peak widths of (111), (200) and even (220) diffraction peaks. The changes in the film microstructure appeared to result in significant effects on the surface energy, in particular the wettability of the films as revealed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the contact angle of the water droplets on the film surface. The nanoindentation tests further revealed that both the hardness and Young’s modulus of the CNO thin films increased with the annealing temperature, suggesting that the strain state and/or grain boundaries may have played a prominent role in determining the film’s nanomechanical characterizations.

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Effect of surface composition and roughness on the apparent surface free energy of silica aerogel materials

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Surface Analysis and Optical Properties of Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Surface Analysis and Optical Properties of Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Performance improvement mechanisms of P3HT:PCBM inverted polymer solar cells using extra PCBM and extra P3HT interfacial layers

Annealing-Driven Microstructural Evolution and Its Effects on the Surface and Nanomechanical Properties of Cu-Doped NiO Thin Films

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