Effect of Surface Chemical Bonding States on Lithium Intercalation Properties of Surface‐Modified Lithium Cobalt Oxide

Abstract

Understanding interfacial reactions between surface‐modified lithium intercalation cathodes and organic electrolytes facilitates the design of highly functional cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Here, the chemical bonding state between a LiCoO2 cathode and a ZrO2−x surface layer is controlled by pulsed arc plasma deposition using different ion energies. The lithium intercalation properties and interfacial structure changes are subsequently analyzed. The Zr−O−Co‐modified surface formed by interaction between ZrO2−x and LiCoO2 provides superior cycle stability under high‐voltage operation (2.8–4.5 V). X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy clarifies that the Zr−O−Co surface forms highly adhesive ZrOxFy as a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). The chemical bonding state at the ZrO2−x/LiCoO2 interface affects the reactivity of ZrO2−x with electrolyte species as well as the architecture of the CEI, which may determine the cell performances of lithium intercalation cathodes.

Advancing to 4.6 V Review and Prospect in Developing High‐Energy‐Density LiCoO2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Accordingly, a large variety of coating materials which are electrochemically inactive have been used, which typically includes but not limited to metal oxides, metal fluorides, and metal phosphates. For example, Al 2 O 3 has been widely used as coating materials for the surface protection of LCO, [97,[136][137][138][139] which was able to improve the cycling performance of the cathode material with much-reduced electrolyte decomposition as well as the irreversible side reactions. Recently, Zhou et al [97] utilized wet chemical method to construct nanoscale Al 2 O 3 layer on the surface of LCO particles to probe its contribution on the high voltage performance.…”

Synthesis and Processing of Battery Materials: Giving it the Plasma Touch

“…The chemical bonding state between a LiCoO 2 (LCO) cathode and ZrO 2 has been recently studied by Hata et al. by applying pulsed arc plasma deposition technique [35] . The modified cathode was tested in CR2032 coin cell configuration with Li anode and an electrolyte formulation of 1 M LiPF 6 in a 3 : 7 (vol.)…”

Understanding the Gap between Academic Research and Industrial Requirements in Rechargeable Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…Commercial batteries can be presented in various shapes, such as cylinders, prisms, coins, and pouches [2b] . The use of light‐weight packaging materials can maximize the energy density of a battery, with the pouch battery adopted as the main commercial LIB format for electronics applications, such as in a smartphone, where LiCoO 2 and graphite are used as the cathode and anode, respectively [15] . Consequently, such a LIB is used to discuss key parameters that need to be deeply considered in order to commercialize RZIBs.…”

“…[2b] The use of lightweight packaging materials can maximize the energy density of a battery, with the pouch battery adopted as the main commercial LIB format for electronics applications, such as in a smartphone, where LiCoO 2 and graphite are used as the cathode and anode, respectively. [15] Consequently, such a LIB is used to discuss key parameters that need to be deeply considered in order to commercialize RZIBs. Table 1 shows typical values of the key parameters of such a LIB, with its energy density limit (~250 Wh kg À 1 per cm 2 ) calculated using Equation 1…”