Effect of superficial collagen patterns and fibrillation of femoral articular cartilage on knee joint mechanics—A 3D finite element analysis

Osteoarthritic bone marrow lesions almost exclusively colocate with denuded cartilage: a 3D study using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

“…Previous studies of trabecular bone morphometry support the concept of trabeculae aligning with force, and remodelling of trabeculae in areas of bone pathology [24,25]. In line with our biomechanical loading theory, it is likely that areas of bone underlying denuded cartilage face repeated episodes of abnormal loading, as a mechanical consequences of the loss of overlying cartilage [15,16]. Although this is not a longitudinal study, differing and episodic loading of the knee across denuded areas could also explain the reported significant change in size of OA BMLs over time.…”

“…Intact healthy hyaline cartilage protects the underlying bone from abnormal contact loading as a consequence of a matrix of collagen fibres and the material properties of cartilage [15,16]. We hypothesised that OA BMLs represent a response of bone to abnormal loading, and that the bone beneath areas of cartilage loss should be more likely to contain OA BMLs.…”

Regeneration Mechanism of Full Thickness Cartilage Defect Using Combination of Freeze Dried Bovine Cartilage Scaffold - Allogenic Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Platelet Rich Plasma Composite (SMPC) Implantation

“…Cartilage defect is common disease found 65% cases and more than 31,000 arthroscopic procedures performed [1]. Articular cartilage defect has become serious problem for orthopaedic surgeon and patients because of its difficult healing that might occur when articular cartilage damage never reach subchondral layer [2].…”

Development and validation of a human knee joint finite element model for tissue stress and strain predictions during exercise

“…This approach hopes to capture the anisotropic, poroelastic qualities of the tissue, which has depth-dependent material properties that vary highly due to alignment of collagen and proteoglycans, as well as water content in the superficial, transitional, and deep zones [44]. In order to better predict localized stress and strain within the tissue, numerous FE studies have imposed more complex material properties, including nearly incompressible Mooney-Rivlin [29], [30], hyperelastic depth-dependent nonfibrillar matrix and continuum/membrane fibrils [37], [78], [79], and heterogeneous fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic [80]. These should be evaluated on an individual basis and considered for inclusion in this FE model by way of Abaqus UMATs in future work to improve accuracy of predicted solutions for articular cartilage.…”

“…Thus for modeled exercises with longer loading times, it may prove desirable to implement more complicated material models in these structures, as well. Previous FE models have implemented a variety of material formulations to best capture the conforming functionality of the menisci, including material properties such as linear elastic transversely isotropic [80], Fung orthotropic hyperelastic [29], [30], and even anisotropic with depthdependent collagen reinforcement [37], [78], [79]. Again, each of these should be evaluated and possibly included in future iterations of this FE model using UMATs.…”