Effect of sulphadimethoxine contamination on barley (Hordeum distichum L., Poaceae, Liliposida)

Phytotoxicity to and uptake of flumequine used in intensive aquaculture on the aquatic weed, Lythrum salicaria L.

“…The acute toxicity of Flumequine on L. salicaria plants clearly agrees with our previous experimental data on the toxicity of Sulphadimethoxine on crop plants (Hordeum disticum L., Panicum miliaceum L., Pisum sativum L. and Zea mays L.) and weeds (Amaranthus retro¯exus L., Plantago major L. and Rumex acetosella L.) (Migliore et al, 1995a(Migliore et al, , 1996b(Migliore et al, , 1997b(Migliore et al, , 1998Brambilla et al, 1996); it further demonstrates the a nity of antibacterial drugs for the biota and con®rms the methodological validity of our ecotoxicological tool, skill with di erent species and di erent drugs.…”

“…In fact, after the very ®rst phase, root growth lowers while leaves growth increase. Previous results demonstrated that roots are the main site of drug accumulation (Migliore et al, 1995a(Migliore et al, , 1996b.…”

“…They were sterilised and transferred to Petri dishes for germination at 25°C in the dark. According to the already used method (Migliore et al, 1995a(Migliore et al, , 1996b(Migliore et al, , 1997b(Migliore et al, , 1998 after germination, seedlings were transferred to multipurpose jars on sterile solid Murashige and Skoog medium (Sigma, Milan, Italy), with or without Flumequine (Sigma, Milan, Italy) (nominal concentrations). The drug, completely soluble in alkaline medium, as happens in run-o water from intensive ®sh farming, was dissolved in NaOH 5N, ®l-tered through a sterile Millipore 0.45 lm ®lter and added to the medium at 45°C; each control contained the same NaOH concentration of the referent treated jar.…”

“…Induction of resistance in the microbial community in the area close to a farm facility was determined (Migliore et al, 1996a). Plants are able to absorb and accumulate antibiotics under laboratory conditions: in those tests both crop plants and weeds demonstrated antimicrobial drug phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation (Migliore et al, 1995a(Migliore et al, , 1996b(Migliore et al, , 1997b(Migliore et al, , 1998.…”

Oxytetracycline as environmental contaminant in arable lands

“…[14] The levels of contamination we found in such compartment (ng g −1 ) ( Table 2) seem not high enough to determine an appreciable contamination of seeds, as consequence of possible systemic absorption of drug, as already reported [13]. Nevertheless, the capability of different plants to absorb and store different antimicrobial drugs from different media [15][16][17][18][19][20] give risk concerns, and the possibility that some arable land could be more heavily contaminated as result of long-term fertilisation with pig slurries from intensive farming systems, should be not disregarded. To reduce possible environmental contamination of corn and/or other crop plants, the following management options could be suggested: reduction of the organic content matter of slurries, fraction to which antimicrobials binds, and dedicated lagoons for the storage of contaminated slurries, to be independently processed.…”