Effect of Stocking Rate on Growing Juvenile Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis, in an Outdoor Biofloc Production System

Abstract

The biofloc technology production system is a production‐intensifying management strategy used primarily for culturing tilapia and penaeid shrimp, both of which can consume the biofloc. Other fish can be grown in biofloc systems because the biofloc serves to maintain water quality, metabolizing the ammonia excreted by intensively fed fish. A dose–response study was conducted in an outdoor biofloc system to begin quantifying the stocking rate production function for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis, advanced fingerlings. Sunshine bass (2.9 ± 0.2 g/fish) were stocked into tanks at 50–250 fish/m2 in 50 fish/m2 increments. After 94 d, gross yields ranged from 1.4 to 3.1 kg/m3 and were independent of stocking rate. Harvested fish were separated into two size groups: smaller than 115 mm total length (TL, target fish) and larger than 115 mm TL (jumper fish). Target fish increased linearly from 62 to 93% and jumpers decreased linearly from 38 to 7% of the population, respectively, as stocking rate increased. The outdoor biofloc system offers potential for intensifying the production of advanced sunshine bass fingerlings, but feed consumption appeared to be impeded by high total suspended solids concentrations. Further research is needed to optimize stocking rates and solids management.

The status of striped bass,Morone saxatilis,as a commercially ready species for U.S. marine aquaculture

“…Considerable research on striped bass and its hybrids has been conducted and entire books (Harrell, 1997) and culture method guidelines have been published (Bonn et al, 1976;Harrell et al, 1990). In addition, many studies focusing on striped bass nutrition (Gatlin III, 1997;Small & Soares Jr, 1998;Small, Soares Jr., & Woods III, 2000;Webster & Lovell, 1990;Woods III & Soares Jr., 1996), health (Harms, Sullivan, Hodson, & Stotskopf, 1996;Noga, Kerby, King, Aucoin, & Giesbrecht, 1994;Noga, Wang, Grindem, & Avtalion, 1999;Plumb, 1997;Salger, Reading, & Noga, 2017), pond and recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) culture methodologies (Geiger & Turner, 1990;Geiger, Turner, Fitzmayer, & Nichols, 1985;Harrell, 1997;McGinty & Hodson, 2008;Turano, Borski, & Daniels, 2008), pond fingerling production (Ludwig, 1999(Ludwig, , 2004Ludwig, Perschbacher, & Edziyie, 2010;Ludwig & Tackett, 1991), fingerling production in biofloc production systems (Green, Rawles, Webster, & McEntire, 2018), stress mitigation (Harrell, 1992;Harrell & Moline, 1992;Kenter, Gunn, & Berlinsky, 2019) Borski, 2004) have been published and are well known. Therefore, the ability to culture these fish in numerous environments on an experimental scale is not in question and, importantly, the wealth of studies conducted on striped bass has allowed for the development of a captively bred, domesticated broodstock Hallerman, 1994).…”

Evaluation of Settling Chamber Hydraulic Retention Time in a Sunshine Bass Biofloc Production System

“…This completely randomized design experiment was conducted at the Harry K. Nine 2.4-m-diameter (4.7 m 2 , 3.6 m 3 , 76.5 cm deep), high-density polyethylene-lined, wire-mesh-framed tanks (described by Green et al 2018) were used for this experiment. Tanks were located outdoors and were not covered.…”

“…Left unchecked, TSS concentrations of 2,000 mg/L or higher were reported for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (hereafter, "shrimp") biofloc production systems (Green et al 2014;Gaona et al 2016). Results of published studies suggest that feed consumption is constrained at high TSS concentrations in Channel Catfish, sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis), and shrimp biofloc production systems (Ray et al 2010(Ray et al , 2011Schveitzer et al 2013;Green et al 2014Green et al , 2018. The effect of elevated TSS concentration appears to vary with the life stage of the culture animal.…”

“…Results of published studies suggest that feed consumption is constrained at high TSS concentrations in Channel Catfish, sunshine bass (female White Bass Morone chrysops × male Striped Bass M . saxatilis ), and shrimp biofloc production systems (Ray et al 2010, 2011; Schveitzer et al 2013; Green et al 2014, 2018). The effect of elevated TSS concentration appears to vary with the life stage of the culture animal.…”

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BIOFLOK SEBAGAI PAKAN TAMBAHAN TERHADAP PERFORMA PRODUKSI IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariepinus)

“…Sisa pakan, hasil metabolisme, dan feses ikan, termasuk penyebab kerusakan lingkungan. Teknologi budidaya bioflok merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut (Green et al 2018;. Selain itu, teknologi bioflok lebih menguntungkan, karena dapat mengurangi limbah nitrogen anorganik serta memberikan tambahan pakan untuk ikan budidaya, sehingga meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan dan efisiensi pakan (AftabUddin et al 2020).…”