Effect of spray volume on the deposition, viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in a foliar spray on vegetables

Abstract

Spray volume is an important application parameter, as it affects nematode infectivity. Future research should investigate the effect of spray volume in the field and its influence on the effect of adjuvants.

Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against larvae of Tuta absoluta in the laboratory

“…A study on the effect of three spray volumes (548, 730 and 1095 L ha −1 ) on the deposition, viability and infectivity of EPNs against Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on savoy cabbage, cauliflower and leek proved that the lowest spray volume of 548 L ha −1 increased the number of nematodes deposited on leek by 17%. A lower spray volume application is characterised by a higher number of nematodes present in fewer droplets, while a higher spray volume may lead to run‐off, causing a decrease in relative deposition …”

Improving the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against Mamestra brassicae : effect of spray application technique, adjuvants and an attractant

“…All spray applications were carried out with an automated spray boom with configuration C2 in controlled laboratory conditions . Yeast extract was applied at 1 g L −1 .…”

“…The actual concentration and survival percentage of EPN in the tank suspensions with and without yeast extract was recorded after every application. The actual number of EPN deposited on the leaf discs, and their survival (expressed as percentage of applied number) was recorded as described by Brusselman et al . and compared between treatments.…”

“…All spray applications were carried out with an automated spray boom with configuration C2 in controlled laboratory conditions. 31,32 Yeast extract was applied at 1 g L −1 . EPN were represented by infective juveniles (IJ) of S. carpocapsae (Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium -Becker Underwood, Littlehampton, UK).…”

“…The actual concentration and survival percentage of EPN in the tank suspensions with and without yeast extract was recorded after every application. The actual number of EPN deposited on the leaf discs, and their survival (expressed as percentage of applied number) was recorded as described by Brusselman et al 31 and compared between treatments. Sprayed with water Sprayed with yeast extract Leaf discs (diameter 3 cm) were sprayed with a spray boom fitted with Teejet XR 110 04 nozzles spaced 50 cm apart, 50 cm above the leaf discs, at a rate of 4 km h −1 and a pressure of 4 bar.…”