Improving the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against Mamestra brassicae : effect of spray application technique, adjuvants and an attractant

Abstract

Steinernema carpocapsae, applied with an appropriate spray technique, can be used within biological control schemes as part of a resistance management programme for Bt.

The influence of insecticides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under laboratory conditions

“…A good combination of EPN and insecticide might be used to improve the control of insects in an IPM programmes. Furthermore, nematodes can be used as substitutes for ineffective chemical insecticides and alterations with toxin of B. thuringiensis can prevent the further development of resistance against bacterial control agents , …”

Prospects in the Application Technology and Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control of Insect Pests

“…For instance, pressure (Fife, Derksen, Ozkan, & Grewal, 2003;Shapiro-Ilan, Gouge, Piggott, & Fife, 2006), nozzle shape (Fife, Ozkan, Derksen, Grewal, & Krause, 2005) or pump type (Fife, Ozkan, Derksen, & Grewal, 2007) can reduce the post-application effectiveness of EPNs and have to be carefully selected (Bateman et al, 2007). It would therefore be interesting to develop specific hardware to increase compatibility with EPNs as demonstrated in several studies (e.g., Beck et al, 2013Beck et al, , 2014Brusselman et al, 2012).…”

Formulation of entomopathogenic nematodes for crop pest control - a review

“…However, there are many factors that affect their survival time: sedimentation, high oxygen demand, decreased response of some species at low temperatures, susceptibility to microbial contamination, special storage conditions and appropriate concentration for each species (Grewal & Peters 2005). Also, the refrigeration requirements increase costs, hinder the transport (Grewal 2002) and involve the use of application equipment with specific requirements (Toepfer et al 2010;Brusselman et al 2012;Lacey & Georgis 2012;Beck et al 2014;Shapiro-Ilan et al 2015).…”