“…␥-Glutamyl conjugates and tyramine conjugates have been identified as neurotransmitters in insects (Maxwell et al, 1980;Sloley et al, 1990), crustaceans (Battelle and Hart, 2002), mollusks (MacCaman et al, 1985;Karhunen et al, 1993) and mammals (Macfarlane et al, 1989). In plants such as soybean (Garcez et al, 2000), tomato (Zacares et al, 2007), rice (Jang et al, 2004), Lycium chinense (Han et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2004), Chenopodium album (Cutillo et al, 2003), Solanum melongena (Whitaker and Stommel, 2003), Citrus aurantium (Pellati and Benvenuti, 2007), Piper caninum (Ma et al, 2004) and Cyathobasis fructiculosa (Bunge) Aallen (Bahceevli et al, 2005), hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates such as the N-hydroxycinnamic acid amides and amine conjugates such as the phenethylamine alkaloids have been identified as constitutive, induced or overexpressed metabolites of plant defense. Alkaloids, N-hydroxycinnamic acid amides (phenolic amides) and lignans have been identified in cannabis plants (Flores-Sanchez and Verpoorte, 2008a).…”