Effect of spleen surgeries on Escherichia coli distribution on the mononuclear phagocytic system

Petroianu, Andy; Silva, Rodrigo Gomes da; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; Alberti, Luiz Ronaldo; Silva, Marconi Gomes da

doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2009.10.006

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, Petroianu et al . [46] showed increased pulmonary uptake in adult rats inoculated intravenously with E. coli after partial splenectomy. Such findings may suggest that, with less functioning splenic mass, either by the splenic remnant in situ (partial or subtotal splenectomy) or by a regenerated autotransplant, alveolar macrophages experience some change in their phagocytic activity in trying to compensate for a possible decline in the splenic phagocytic index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Critical mass of splenic autotransplant needed for the development of phagocytic activity in rats

Marques

Caetano²,

Diestel

et al. 2012

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryWhen total splenectomy is inevitable, heterotopic splenic autotransplantation seems to be the only alternative to maintain the functions of the spleen. The present study was carried out to analyse the critical mass of splenic autotransplant (SAT) for the development of phagocytic activity in rats. Wistar rats were submitted to total splenectomy (TS) alone or in combination with slices of SAT ranging from an average rate of 21·9% (one slice) to 100% (five slices) of the total splenic mass implanted into the greater omentum. Sixteen weeks after the beginning of the experiment, the animals were inoculated intravenously with a suspension of Escherichia coli labelled with Tc-99m. After 20 min, the rats were killed and the liver, lung and spleen or SAT, as well as blood samples were removed to determine the percentage of labelled bacteria uptake in these tissues. As the percentage of the total splenic mass contained in the SAT increased, the bacteria remaining in the blood decreased. From the implant of 26% up to the implant of the total splenic mass (100%) there was no difference in the bacteria remaining in the blood between the healthy animals of the control group and those submitted to TS combined with SAT. This finding shows that the critical mass needed for the development of phagocytic activity of macrophages in splenic autotransplants in adult rats is 26% of the total splenic mass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Critical mass of splenic autotransplant needed for the development of phagocytic activity in rats

Marques

Caetano²,

Diestel

et al. 2012

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…In order to assess the function of the constitutive innate immunity, we measured the bactericidal capacity of the whole blood against different bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, E. coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. E. coli ATCC 8739 is mainly killed by the complement system [ 55 , 56 ], while E. coli ATCC 10536 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 are mainly killed by phagocytosis and require the presence of natural antibodies for opsonization [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feather bacterial load shapes the trade-off between preening and immunity in pigeons

et al. 2015

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BackgroundComplex communities of bacteria inhabit the feathers of all birds. Under normal conditions, individuals maintain a healthy state by defending themselves against these potential invaders by preening. The immune system is only triggered when bacteria gain access into the body. Preening is, however, costly and may trade-off with investment in the immune system. To shed light on how birds balance the trade-off between immunity and preen secretions when facing high or low feather bacterial load, we experimentally manipulated feather bacteria load of feral pigeons (Columba livia), and investigated the effects on immune defenses.ResultsBirds facing high feather bacterial load had lower immune response to PHA skin-swelling test (a measure of induced pro-inflammatory capacity) than controls, while birds facing low feather bacterial load had higher blood bacterial killing ability (a measure of the capacity to eliminate bacterial pathogens) than controls. No other components of the immune system (i.e., hemagglutination and hemolysis capacity of plasma, primary and secondary responses to KLH and quantity of blood parasites) were found to be affected by feather bacterial load.ConclusionPigeons had previously been shown to adjust preening to feather bacterial load. The decrease in the energetically costly inflammatory response of birds experiencing high bacterial load suggests a trade-off between investment in preen secretion and immunity and reinforces the idea that feather microbiota may have a strong impact on the ecology and evolution of the avian host.

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“…Furthermore, importantly, the spleen takes a great part in metabolic control, which has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, especially in the aspect of lipid metabolism. In general, the spleen takes on a substantial proportion of the organic metabolism and removal of the spleen would obliterate most of the invaluable gifted functions, predisposing to different diseases [ 7 – 15 ]. Apart from the afore-mentioned OPSI and thrombocytosis, asplenism is meanwhile associated with a high risk of vascular events especially as atherosclerosis (AS) and coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus [ 16 ], as well as acute pancreatitis [ 17 ] and cancers [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Take Gaucher’s disease for example, it is characterized by lipid-loaded cells known as Gaucher cells due to the anomalous accumulation of PL, and is manifested with splenomegaly [ 27 ]. Comparable splenic manifestations can also be uncovered in other etiologies like Niemann-Pick’s disease, gangliosidoses as well as Fabry disease [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of splenectomy in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis (AS)

Han

et al. 2018

Lipids Health Dis

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The extensive performance of splenectomy worldwide for patients suffered from splenic trauma has given rise to high risks of postoperative complications, which has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. Nowadays the spleen is regarded as a versatile organ of the human body, invested with various excellent properties. The spleen has been recognized to take a great part in lipid metabolism. While removal of the spleen intends to alter lipid values, especially with an elevated LDL, splenic autotransplantation is able to normalize these lipid alterations. What is more, conservative surgical procedures like subtotal or partial splenectomy, could as well, afford a correction of dyslipidemia. At the same time, clinically, splenectomy demonstrates a high rate of atherosclerosis (AS), whereas non-surgical treatment after splenic trauma shows unchanged propagation of AS. Based on the intimate relationship between serum lipids and AS, the lipid changes modulated by splenectomy are believed to be responsible for the development of AS. Therefore, a “splenic factor” is most likely present in the regulation of lipidation and AS. Several theories have been postulated to elucidate the possible mechanism involved, among which most are primarily based on its forceful natural immune function, that is to say, the mononuclear phagocytic system.However, the accurate mechanisms behind this mysterious phenomenon still remain unclear so far. Of importance, lipid fractions should be monitored consecutively in case of inevitable splenectomy.

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Effect of spleen surgeries on Escherichia coli distribution on the mononuclear phagocytic system

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Critical mass of splenic autotransplant needed for the development of phagocytic activity in rats

Critical mass of splenic autotransplant needed for the development of phagocytic activity in rats

Feather bacterial load shapes the trade-off between preening and immunity in pigeons

The role of splenectomy in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis (AS)

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