Effect of source/sink ratio on leaf and fruit traits of blueberry fruiting canes in the field

Jorquera-Fontena, Emilio; Pastenes, Claudio; Meriño‐Gergichevich, Cristian; Franck, Nicolás

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.041

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Carbon metabolism is closely related to plant growth. Carbohydrates transported from the source (leaves) provide metabolic substrates for fruit growth and non-photosynthetic tissue maintenance ( Osorio et al, 2014 ), and the types of carbohydrate in the sink and their quantities determine fruit quality ( Jorquera-Fontena et al, 2018 ). Sucrose is the principal carbohydrate assimilate in the source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associated With Carbon Conversion Rate and Source–Sink Enzyme Activity in Tomato Fruit Subjected to Water Stress and Potassium Application

2021

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Carbon metabolism in higher plants is a basic physiological metabolism, and carbon allocation and conversion require the activity of various enzymes in metabolic processes that alter the content and overall composition of sugars in the sink organ. However, it is not known how various enzymes affect carbon metabolism when tomato plants are subjected to water stress or treated with potassium. Although the process of carbon metabolism is very complex, we used the carbon conversion rate to compare and analyze the enzyme activities related to sugar metabolism and find out which carbon conversion rate are the most important. Results showed that water stress and potassium increased carbon import flux in the fruit, which was beneficial to carbon accumulation. Water deficit increased the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and starch phosphorylase (SP) and decreased the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in the source. Water stress increased the activity of acid invertase (AI), SuSy and SP but decreased the activity of AGPase in the sink. Potassium modified the balance of enzymes active in sugar and starch metabolism by increasing the activity of AI, SuSy, SPS and SP and significantly decreasing the activity of AGPase, resulting in increase of hexose. Canonical correlational analysis revealed that the carbon conversion rate was mainly affected by the relative rate of conversion of sucrose to fructose and glucose [p1(t)] and glucose to starch [p5m(t)]. SuSy and AGPase had the greatest effect on enzyme activity in the fruit; respectively regulated p1(t) and p5m(t).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associated With Carbon Conversion Rate and Source–Sink Enzyme Activity in Tomato Fruit Subjected to Water Stress and Potassium Application

2021

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“…The lower crop load recorded in plants with a lower leaf chlorophyll concentration, that is control and Fe-heme, could be related to a lower fruit set or a higher early abscission of berries in these plants, considering that Fe chlorosis promotes the expression of genes involved in the synthesis and signaling of ethylene, resulting in the abscission of young fruits ( Iqbal et al, 2013 ). Also, blueberries are regarded as a highly sensitive species to sink/source relationship ( Jorquera-Fontena et al, 2018 ; Petridis et al, 2018 ), where the non-structural carbon reserves status in shoots and storage organs are determinant in the extent of the post-fruit set fall ( Buwalda and Smith, 1990 ; Mehouachi et al, 1995 ). In fact, it is well known that the Fe status of plants is closely linked to the photosynthetic capacity of leaves ( Briat et al, 2007 ), and in citrus, Fe deficiency induced reductions in the carbon status of plants, increasing the early fruit fall ( Gómez-Cadenas et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Strategies to Prevent Iron Deficiency, Improve Yield and Berry Composition in Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)

et al. 2019

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The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of sustainable strategies to correct iron deficiency in blueberries, based on Fe-heme applications or intercropping with graminaceous species, on yield, and berry quality variables. The experiment was conducted in a blueberry orchard established in a sub-alkaline soil. The association with grasses increased the crop load and yield (only Festuca rubra), and decreased the skin/flesh ratio. In addition, these treatments increased anthocyanins as well as some hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and flavonol concentrations in skins with a similar effectiveness as Fe-EDDHA, whereas the Fe-heme applications did not influence such parameters. Moreover, data revealed that the association with both grasses decreased the firmness of the berries, whereas none of the treatments assessed changed the soluble solids, pH, acidity, and the soluble solids/acidity rate compared to the control. These results suggest that Fe nutrition is crucial for yield and berry quality in blueberry, and that intercropping with grasses may be an effective and sustainable alternative to counteract Fe deficiency in blueberry, with a similar effect on berries to that achieved with Fe-EDDHA.

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“…Therefore, the balance between source and sink affects the transport of photosynthetic products from one to the other [6]. For example, a larger storage capacity can increase the carbohydrate synthesis capacity of leaves [7], but it can also reduce the fruit quality by limiting fruit carbohydrate supply [8][9][10]. On the other hand, higher numbers of sources can promote fruit development [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the fresh weight, dry weight, and diameter length of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) fruits are lower at a low leaf-to-fruit ratio and show allometric growth with an increasing leaf-to-fruit ratio [10]. Finally, a leaf-to-fruit ratio also affects fruit metabolism by changing fruit carbohydrate composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Source–Sink Relationship on Walnut Nut Quality at the Scale of the Fruit–Bearing Branch

Zhang

Chen

Cun-de

2022

Forests

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Fruit quality is known to be regulated by the balance between leaf number/area and fruit number, but less is known about the effects of fruit–bearing branch agronomic traits, particularly for walnuts (Juglans regia L.). We assessed nut quality, physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves, and microstructure of leaves and fruit stalks at various leaf–to–fruit ratios to gain insight into the relationships between branch agronomic traits and nut quality, to identify those traits that made a better contribution to nut quality and to find out the range of the leaf–to–fruit ratio and the object of fruit to be removed for thinning. We found that the top fruit on the fruit stalk had a higher longitudinal diameter and kernel weight than the bottom at the low leaf–to–fruit level, and branches with more pinnate compound leaves had a better capacity for carbohydrate assimilation and transportation to produce better quality fruits. Specifically, with the increasing leaf number, the branch diameter, total leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, fruit weight, fruit diameters, and kernel protein content also increased. Moreover, at the microscopic level, the fruit stalk vascular bundle, leaf thickness, palisade mesophyll thickness, and ratios of palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll thickness in the leaf also showed the same trend. Therefore, when the ratio of leaf area to the fruit number was less than 181.5 square centimeters per fruit on the branches, reducing the fruit number could improve the size and the crude fat content of fruits. While the ratio was more than 247.8 square centimeters per fruit, the fruit number had no significant effect on fruit quality, but increasing leaf area and branch diameter could improve the fruit size and yield.

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Effect of source/sink ratio on leaf and fruit traits of blueberry fruiting canes in the field

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

The Associated With Carbon Conversion Rate and Source–Sink Enzyme Activity in Tomato Fruit Subjected to Water Stress and Potassium Application

The Associated With Carbon Conversion Rate and Source–Sink Enzyme Activity in Tomato Fruit Subjected to Water Stress and Potassium Application

Sustainable Strategies to Prevent Iron Deficiency, Improve Yield and Berry Composition in Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.)

Effects of the Source–Sink Relationship on Walnut Nut Quality at the Scale of the Fruit–Bearing Branch

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