Effect of source habitat spatial heterogeneity and species diversity on the temporal stability of aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidy by emerging aquatic insects

Uno, Hitoshi; Pneh, Shelley

doi:10.1111/1440-1703.12125

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Aquatic insect emergence from streams to riparian forests can be important prey subsidies for riparian predators, such as birds, spiders and bats (Baxter, Fausch, & Carl Saunders, 2005). Uno and Pneh (2020) examined the assemblages of aquatic insects that constitute emergence fluxes at different habitats along a temperate river in California. They found that the same species from different habitats emerged at different timing, and different species from the same habitat emerged at different timing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenology in a community context: Toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of phenology in seasonal environments

Takimoto

Sato

2020

Ecological Research

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Many natural ecosystems occur in the seasonal environments, where phenological species interactions are the hallmark of community dynamics and biodiversity effects on ecosystem functions may be realized through phenological diversity. To understand and forecast the impacts of global climate change, phenologically explicit community dynamics should provide a useful perspective. We hope that this special feature will serve as pointers for future research on phenological interactions in multispecies ecological communities.

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confidence: 99%

Phenology in a community context: Toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of phenology in seasonal environments

Takimoto

Sato

2020

Ecological Research

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“…In the future, aquatic insect assemblage changes due to pesticides may increase because of increasing global pesticide use (Bernhardt et al, 2017; Kattwinkel et al, 2011) and increasing pesticide toxicity towards aquatic insects (Schulz et al, 2021). These trends could lead to higher variability in emergence (Uno & Pneh, 2020), therefore altering foraging opportunities for predators (Armstrong et al, 2016). Further, pesticide toxicity has been shown to cause earlier insect emergence (Cavallaro et al, 2018), which may affect the growth rate, population biomass, and maturity rate of predators (Sato et al, 2016) and may lead to a mismatch in predator and prey cycles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, emergence timing depends on the composition of aquatic insects because individual species exhibit differences in phenology. Complementary phenology between species contributes to temporal stability of emergence (Uno & Pneh, 2020), improving foraging opportunities for predators (Armstrong et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Land use changes biomass and temporal patterns of insect cross‐ecosystem flows

Ohler

Schreiner

Link

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Intensive agriculture is a globally dominant land use (Václavík et al., 2013). The intensification of agriculture is accompanied by increased pesticide and nutrient use, as well as habitat degradation (Fischer et al., 2012;Stoate et al., 2001). Stream ecosystems in agricultural areas are affected by toxicants, excessive nutrient inputs, and habitat degradation, for example the loss of riparian vegetation

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“…If salmonfly emergence were synchronous across a basin or over long river segments, birds would have only a few days to locate and exploit the salmonflies. However, spatial variation in the phenology of emergence like we observed bracketing major tributary confluences, or that can occur at smaller scales within reaches (e.g., Gregory et al, 2000;Uno, 2016;Uno and Pneh, 2020), may allow mobile consumers to extend their foraging opportunities by foraging sequentially among localized pulses. In fact, our observations likely provide a conservative account of the potential for this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly and responses by birds in Idaho river networks

Adams

Baxter²,

Delehanty³

2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Emergence of adult aquatic insects from rivers is strongly influenced by water temperature, and emergence timing helps to determine the availability of this ephemeral food resource for birds and other terrestrial insectivores. It is poorly understood how spatial heterogeneity in riverine habitat mediates the timing of emergence. Such spatiotemporal variation may have consequences for terrestrial insectivores that rely on aquatic-derived prey resources. We investigated emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly, Pteronarcys californica, at three spatial scales in two Idaho river networks. We examined the influence of tributary confluences on salmonfly emergence timing and associated insectivorous bird responses. Salmonfly emergence timing was highly variable at the basin-scale during the period we sampled (May–June). Within sub-drainage pathways not punctuated by major tributaries, emergence followed a downstream-to-upstream pattern. At the scale of reaches, abrupt changes in thermal regimes created by 10 major tributary confluences created asynchrony in emergence of 1–6 days among the 20 reaches bracketing the confluences. We observed 10 bird species capturing emerged salmonflies, including 5 species typically associated with upland habitats (e.g., American robin, red-tailed hawk, American kestrel) but that likely aggregated along rivers to take advantage of emerging salmonflies. Some birds (e.g., Lewis’s woodpecker, western tanager, American dipper) captured large numbers of salmonflies, and some of these fed salmonflies to nestlings. Emergence asynchrony created by tributaries was associated with shifts in bird abundance and richness which both nearly doubled, on average, during salmonfly emergence. Thermal heterogeneity in river networks created asynchrony in aquatic insect phenology which prolonged the availability of this pulsed prey resource for insectivorous birds during key breeding times. Such interactions between spatial and temporal heterogeneity and organism phenology may be critical to understanding the consequences of fluxes of resources that link water and land. Shifts in phenology or curtailment of life history diversity in organisms like salmonflies may have implications for these organisms, but could also contribute to mismatches or constrain availability of pulsed resources to dependent consumers. These could be unforeseen consequences, for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, of human-driven alteration and homogenization of riverscapes.

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Effect of source habitat spatial heterogeneity and species diversity on the temporal stability of aquatic‐to‐terrestrial subsidy by emerging aquatic insects

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Phenology in a community context: Toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of phenology in seasonal environments

Phenology in a community context: Toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of phenology in seasonal environments

Land use changes biomass and temporal patterns of insect cross‐ecosystem flows

Emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly and responses by birds in Idaho river networks

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