Phenology in a community context: Toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of phenology in seasonal environments

Takimoto, Gaku; Sato, Tadanobu

doi:10.1111/1440-1703.12124

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results contribute to growing evidence that phenological diversity, not simply abundance, is an important component of energy flow within upper trophic levels of food webs in seasonally dynamic ecosystems (Armstrong et al, 2016;Takimoto and Sato, 2020). For instance, we observed that the magnitude of the bird response was not associated with total salmonfly C flux, nor with the total number of adult salmonflies present in the reach, but was instead apparently more closely linked to timing of prey occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly and responses by birds in Idaho river networks

Adams

Baxter²,

Delehanty³

2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emergence of adult aquatic insects from rivers is strongly influenced by water temperature, and emergence timing helps to determine the availability of this ephemeral food resource for birds and other terrestrial insectivores. It is poorly understood how spatial heterogeneity in riverine habitat mediates the timing of emergence. Such spatiotemporal variation may have consequences for terrestrial insectivores that rely on aquatic-derived prey resources. We investigated emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly, Pteronarcys californica, at three spatial scales in two Idaho river networks. We examined the influence of tributary confluences on salmonfly emergence timing and associated insectivorous bird responses. Salmonfly emergence timing was highly variable at the basin-scale during the period we sampled (May–June). Within sub-drainage pathways not punctuated by major tributaries, emergence followed a downstream-to-upstream pattern. At the scale of reaches, abrupt changes in thermal regimes created by 10 major tributary confluences created asynchrony in emergence of 1–6 days among the 20 reaches bracketing the confluences. We observed 10 bird species capturing emerged salmonflies, including 5 species typically associated with upland habitats (e.g., American robin, red-tailed hawk, American kestrel) but that likely aggregated along rivers to take advantage of emerging salmonflies. Some birds (e.g., Lewis’s woodpecker, western tanager, American dipper) captured large numbers of salmonflies, and some of these fed salmonflies to nestlings. Emergence asynchrony created by tributaries was associated with shifts in bird abundance and richness which both nearly doubled, on average, during salmonfly emergence. Thermal heterogeneity in river networks created asynchrony in aquatic insect phenology which prolonged the availability of this pulsed prey resource for insectivorous birds during key breeding times. Such interactions between spatial and temporal heterogeneity and organism phenology may be critical to understanding the consequences of fluxes of resources that link water and land. Shifts in phenology or curtailment of life history diversity in organisms like salmonflies may have implications for these organisms, but could also contribute to mismatches or constrain availability of pulsed resources to dependent consumers. These could be unforeseen consequences, for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, of human-driven alteration and homogenization of riverscapes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly and responses by birds in Idaho river networks

Adams

Baxter²,

Delehanty³

2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In comparison, we still know surprisingly little about how communities are organized in time, which has only recently gained renewed attention as a line of research (Post 2019;Wolkovich et al 2014;Yang 2020). The ongoing and projected impacts of climate change on ecological communities, as well as calls for their short-and long-term mitigation and adaptation plans (IPCC 2023), create an urgency to develop frameworks explicitly focusing on the temporal dimension of community structure to fill this conceptual gap (CaraDonna et al 2021;Rudolf 2019;Takimoto & Sato 2020;Wolkovich et al 2014;Yang 2020;Yang & Rudolf 2010).…”

Section: The Temporal Dimension Of Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ongoing and projected impacts of climate change on ecological communities, as well as calls for their short- and long-term mitigation and adaptation plans (IPCC 2023), create an urgency to develop frameworks explicitly focusing on the temporal dimension of community structure to fill this conceptual gap (CaraDonna et al . 2021; Rudolf 2019; Takimoto & Sato 2020; Wolkovich et al . 2014; Yang 2020; Yang & Rudolf 2010).…”

Section: The Temporal Dimension Of Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…recently gained renewed attention as a line of research [5][6][7]. The ongoing and projected impacts of climate change on ecological communities, as well as calls for their short-and long-term mitigation and adaptation plans [8], create an urgency to develop frameworks explicitly focusing on the temporal dimension of community structure to fill this conceptual gap [6,[9][10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time is of the essence: A general framework for uncovering temporal structures of communities

Yin

Rudolf

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ecological communities are inherently dynamic: species constantly turn over within years, months, weeks, or even days. These temporal shifts in community composition determine species interactions, energy flow, nutrients, information, diseases, and how perturbations cascade through the system. Yet, our understanding of community structure has relied heavily on static approaches that do not capture key features of this dynamic temporal dimension of communities. Here we propose a conceptual and methodological framework to quantify and analyze this temporal dimension. Conceptually, we split the temporal structure into two definitive features, sequence, and duration, and discuss how they are linked to key concepts in ecology. We then outline how to capture these definitive features using perspectives from temporal graph theory. While we focus on how ongoing research in phenology and species interactions easily integrates into our proposed framework, we also describe how this framework applies to other outstanding questions in community ecology. As climate change reshuffles ecological communities worldwide, integrating the temporal dimensions of communities is not only imperative to resolve the fundamental processes that shape natural ecosystems, but also essential to predict how these systems may change in the future.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, phenological synchrony or asynchrony with other organisms can critically affect individual fitness and population dynamics (Brommer et al 2002, Durant et al 2005, McNamara et al 2011). The view of interaction asynchrony is particularly important today owing to the impact of climate change on biodiversity (Visser and Both 2005, Yang and Rudolf 2010, Nakazawa and Doi 2012, Takimoto and Sato 2020). Climate change has species‐specific effects on the timing of seasonal life‐history events, such as reproduction and migration (so‐called phenological shifts), thereby influencing the strength of biotic interactions and altering ecological communities in a more complex way than previously thought (Thackeray et al 2010, 2016, Hällfors et al 2020, Wolkovich and Donahue 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why sex matters in phenological research

Nakazawa

Hsu

Chen

2023

Oikos

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Males and females often desynchronise their mating activity during the breeding season (intersexual phenological asynchrony). This suggests that the two sexes differentially use environmental cues to initiate seasonal reproduction, and climate change may cause phenological shifts in a sex‐specific manner, subsequently altering frequency distribution of mating attempts over time and influencing the emergence timing and recruitment success of juveniles. In this article, we tested these hypotheses through literature reviews and theoretical modelling. We found that the sex specificity of environmental cues and phenological shifts remain poorly understood in most sexually reproducing animal taxa because of sex‐specific publication bias and data limitations. Meanwhile, our theoretical model predicted that the ecological consequences of phenological shifts are sexually asymmetric, with earlier mating onset of males having generally greater negative effects on population growth than that of females. We therefore suggest that further research is necessary to collect and incorporate sex‐specific information on seasonal reproduction into the theory of phenological mismatch, for which previous work has mostly focused on interspecific trophic asynchrony. We also outline a future research agenda to better understand the consequences of sex‐specific phenological shifts on seasonal population dynamics and long‐term persistence of species.

show abstract

Phenology in a community context: Toward a better understanding of the causes and consequences of phenology in seasonal environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly and responses by birds in Idaho river networks

Emergence phenology of the giant salmonfly and responses by birds in Idaho river networks

Time is of the essence: A general framework for uncovering temporal structures of communities

Why sex matters in phenological research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About