Effect of sonic versus manual supervised toothbrushing on both clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with desquamative gingivitis associated with oral lichen planus: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this randomized, parallel‐design, clinical trial was to investigate the effectiveness of an intensive plaque control programme with sonic versus manual toothbrushing on clinical outcomes and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in desquamative gingivitis (DG) patients. Methods A total of 32 patients affected by DG secondary to oral lichen planus (OLP) were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to a test (n = 16) and control (n = 16) group. Both groups were enrolled in an intensive control programme comprising supragingival scaling and polishing, and brush‐specific instructions for a period of 8 weeks. The treatment of interest (test) was the use of a sonic‐powered toothbrush, and the standard treatment (control) was the utilization of a soft‐bristle manual toothbrush for twice‐daily home oral hygiene procedures. Periodontal parameters, patient‐centred outcomes, MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 GCF levels were evaluated at baseline and 8 weeks after starting the programme. Results The plaque control programme resulted in statistically significant reduction in periodontal parameters with consequent improvement in the clinical features, painful symptoms and severity of DG lesions in both groups (all P < 0.001). When a sonic toothbrush was used, there was a more significant decrease in clinical indices, mucosal disease scores and GCF levels of MMP‐1 and MMP‐9. Conclusions This clinical trial reported the effectiveness of a combined protocol based on professional oral hygiene and supervised toothbrushing in OLP patients with DG. The daily use of a sonic toothbrush would seem to perform better in the short term.

Assessing the Efficacy of Sonic Toothbrush in Reducing the Plaque Pathogens in Comparison with Manual Brushing

“…While there are various ways of reducing dental plaque formation, the best and suitable way is by brushing [22]. In the previous study done by bianco et al [23] showed that the manual toothbrush removed the dental plaque better as compared to the sonic toothbrush, but there was no particular difference in the s.mutans count, which was similar to the present study. In a study done by Aggarwal et al [24] showed that the manual as well as the ultrasonic toothbrush were having an equal efficacy in the reduction of plaque pathogens.…”

Impacts of the Triple bristles three‐sided sonic powered toothbrush on tooth shade, plaque control and gingival health

“…This is in agreement with previous studies that compared manual brushes to other oscillating-rotating brush designs. 5,[7][8][9][17][18][19][20]30,31 This could be due to that the brush includes sonic movement and three-surface cleaning that improves plaque removal and thus reduce bleeding on probing. [7][8][9][17][18][19][20]30,31 This is in agreement with previous reports on the superior efficacy of sonic brushes in plaque removal.…”

“…5,[7][8][9][17][18][19][20]30,31 This could be due to that the brush includes sonic movement and three-surface cleaning that improves plaque removal and thus reduce bleeding on probing. [7][8][9][17][18][19][20]30,31 This is in agreement with previous reports on the superior efficacy of sonic brushes in plaque removal. [7][8][9]30,31 Also, this could be due to improved compliance with brushing and oral hygiene as the toothbrush is working on all tooth surfaces simultaneously.…”

“…[10][11][12][13] Powered and sonic toothbrushes were found to be effective for plaque control and oral hygiene among various individuals including patients with dry mouth, intellectual disability and mucosal disease. 8,9,[14][15][16] Among toothbrush designs is the use of three-sided toothbrushing that is based on the concept of using bristles arranged in different directions so that it can brush occlusal, buccal and lingual tooth surfaces at the same time. This could potentially improve the brushing efficacy and reduce the required time for brushing and thus potentially improve compliance with toothbrushing and dental plaque control and oral hygiene.…”

Effects of oral healthcare motivation in patients with gingival oral lichen planus: A randomized controlled trial

“…Indeed, while in the study ofStone et al intervention group patients were supplied with sonic-powered toothbrushes, our patients received manual toothbrushes. Despite the recently reported superiority of sonic compared to manual toothbrushes in reducing disease and periodontal indices in patients with OLP affected by desquamative gingivitis(Bianco et al, 2018), we chose the manual toothbrush in our protocol since it is more popular and widespread throughout the F I G U R E 2 Curve graphs showing mean outcome variable scores at baseline, t 1 and t 2 . Dashed line: control group.…”