Effect of some Arylcarbamic Esters and Related Compounds upon Cereals and other Plant Species

Hazards of urethane (ethyl carbamate): a review of the literature

“…Some investigators, believing that the carbamates would contain several important and inexpensive herbicides, evaluated approximately 50 related aryl carbamates and thiocarbamates for their influence on plant growth and development (Templeton & Sexton, 1945). At the conclusion of this project, urethane proved to be one of the few analogues that failed to influence plant growth or development (Templeton & Sexton, 1945;Haddow & Sexton, 1946).…”

“…The data obtained from the study suggested that, depending on the level of exposure to ethyl pheny1carbamate (one of many ethyl carbamate analogues), wheat seedlings would develop one or more of the following abnormalities: bulbous hypertrophy of the seed leaf or root tip; stunted growth; arrested growth at the seed-leaf stage; thick bulbous stem formation; or plant death (Templeton & Sexton, 1945;Haddow & Sexton, 1946). Other investigators confirmed these findings, and observed similar results in winter rye, barley and oat plants (Haddow & Sexton, 1946).…”

“…At the conclusion of this project, urethane proved to be one of the few analogues that failed to influence plant growth or development (Templeton & Sexton, 1945;Haddow & Sexton, 1946). This was a peculiar finding, considering that literature was available on the ability of urethane to suppress bacterial, protozoal, sea urchin egg, and plant tissue growth in vitro (Haddow & Sexton, 1946).…”

“…In 1939, a study was conducted on wheat seedlings using a variety of carbamate analogues, in an attempt to identify plant growthpromotants and growth-inhibitors (Templeton & Sexton, 1945). The data obtained from the study suggested that, depending on the level of exposure to ethyl pheny1carbamate (one of many ethyl carbamate analogues), wheat seedlings would develop one or more of the following abnormalities: bulbous hypertrophy of the seed leaf or root tip; stunted growth; arrested growth at the seed-leaf stage; thick bulbous stem formation; or plant death (Templeton & Sexton, 1945;Haddow & Sexton, 1946).…”

Weed Control, 2. Individual Herbicides

“…Propham can be synthesized by reaction of phenyl isocyanate with isopropyl alcohol, or of aniline with isopropyl chloroformate [329].…”