Effect of solvent type and ratio on betacyanins and antioxidant activity of extracts from Hylocereus polyrhizus flesh and peel by supercritical fluid extraction and solvent extraction

Abstract

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of solvent type and ratio as well as the extraction techniques (i.e. supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and conventional solvent extraction) on betacyanins and antioxidant activity of the peel and fresh extract from the red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The peel and flesh extracts obtained by SFE at 25MPa pressure and 10% EtOH/water (v/v) mixture as a co-solvent contained 24.58 and 91.27mg/100ml total betacyanin, respectively; while the most desirable solvent extraction process resulted in a relatively higher total betacyanin in the peel and flesh extracts (28.44 and 120.28mg/100ml, respectively). The major betacyanins identified in the pitaya peel and flesh extracts were betanin, isobetanin, phyllocactin, butyrylbetanin, isophyllocactin and iso-butyrylbetanin. The flesh extract had the stronger antioxidant activity than the peel extract when the higher proportion of ethanol to water (E/W) was applied for the extraction.

Sensory Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanumMaxim. Pericarps

“…Considerable amounts of α-terpinyl acetate have been reported in other aromatic and medicinal species (Laurel, Vitex pseudo-negundo, and Myrtus communis). The number of volatile components obtained was markedly different in water (21), methanol (18), ethanol (12), acetic acid (14), ethyl acetate (20), chloroform (17), and benzene (15). High contents of eucalyptol, terpinen-4ol, and linalyl acetate were found in the methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene extracts.…”

“…[10] The volatile components in the seven extracts from Z. bungeanum pericarps are presented in Table 1 [20,21] Flowers and fruits can be classified according to different categories and contents of volatile components. [10] The volatile components in the seven extracts from Z. bungeanum pericarps are presented in Table 1 [20,21] Flowers and fruits can be classified according to different categories and contents of volatile components.…”

“…[15] The antioxidant activity of plant extracts has many applications, such as food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine, and natural therapies. [20] In addition, water extracts show the highest antioxidant power based on DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assays. [4] Thus, both consumers and producers have shown increasing interest in the functional extracts of Z. bungeanum pericarps.…”

“…[18,19] Owing to its low toxicity, ethanol is the most favored solvent, particularly for the extraction of bioactive compounds. [20] In addition, water extracts show the highest antioxidant power based on DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assays. [5] To the best of our knowledge, no data is available on the effects of different solvents on the sensory characteristics and antioxidant activity of Z. bungeanum pericarp extracts.…”

Betacyanins in dragon fruit peels: the kinetic models of their degradation under different treatment conditions

“…According to Lambert-Beer law, the absorbance of pigment solution is proportionate to the concentration, so eqn was obtained. Half-live (t 1/2 ) (the hours needed for 50.0% degradation of betacyanins) were calculated by the following eqn (Mekinic et al, 2016), According to Arrhenius equation, the dynamic model eqn was obtained (Popa et al, 2015;Fathordoobady et al, 2016).…”