Effect of Soil Management and Training System on Negroamaro Wine Aroma

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of two soil managements and training systems on yield and wine aroma compounds of Negroamaro variety grown in a warm climate region (southern Italy). Cover crop (CC) and soil tillage (ST) as soil management, whilst bilateral Guyot (BG) and monolateral Guyot (MG) as training systems were compared. Free and bound volatile fractions were evaluated by GC-MS. ST and CC as well as BG and MG significantly affected yield parameters. In particular, yield was higher in ST and BG than in CC and MG, respectively; moreover, it was found to be positively influenced by interaction between BG and ST. Regarding aroma compounds, significant interactions between soil management and training system factors were observed. In case of free volatiles, the most positive interaction was found between BG and ST, whereas, for bound volatiles, the best interaction was represented by MG with both soil tillage and cover crop. Vine leaf area and development over vine growth stages along with water stress levels played an important role in determining the aroma profile as well as yield parameters. In conclusion, the training system significantly interacted with soil management and affected most of important aroma compounds in Negroamaro wine.

Evolution of Volatile Aroma Compounds and Amino Acids in Cabernet Gernischt Grape Berries (Vitis vinifera L.): Comparison of Different Training Systems for Mechanical Soil Burial

“…The training system is an essential factor to manage the canopy, which plays a fundamental role in light energy capture via photosynthesis, as it regulates transpiration and microclimate of ripening grapes, thus affecting yield and quality [ 21 ]. So, we measured the temperature, humidity, Pn, and Tr of the canopy after sampling.…”

Effect of over crop and reduced yield by cluster thinning on phenolic and volatile compounds of grapes and wines of ‘Sangiovese’ trained to Tendone

“…Free and glycoside bound volatiles of grapes and free volatiles of wines were extracted by solid phase extraction as described by Toci et al 20 . Then, volatile compounds of extracts were analyzed using an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with an Agilent 5975 mass spectrometer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and a DB‐Wax (60 m, 0.25 mm inner diameter, 0.5 mm film thickness) capillary column (J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA, USA) at the operative conditions reported previously 6 . For each replicate, volatile composition was analyzed in triplicate and the results were expressed as mg kg −1 and mg L −1 for grapes and wines, respectively.…”

“…In Tendone, all clusters result in being shaded by a ‘leaf roof’, which prevents excessive exposure of fruit to sunlight. It is reported that sun exposure of clusters is correlated with a series of concomitant aspects, such as an increase in berry temperature, lower titratable acidity and lower berry anthocyanin concentration as a result of their synthesis inhibition or degradation 5,6 . All of these aspects can be optimized in warm sites by reducing berry temperature with moderate or reduced fruit exposure 7…”

“…It is reported that sun exposure of clusters is correlated with a series of concomitant aspects, such as an increase in berry temperature, lower titratable acidity and lower berry anthocyanin concentration as a result of their synthesis inhibition or degradation. 5,6 All of these aspects can be optimized in warm sites by reducing berry temperature with moderate or reduced fruit exposure. 7 Despite the promising results achieved, the use of horizontal training systems in relation to grape and wine quality has not found full application in viticulture for several technical reasons, such as complex managing operations, excessive yield, manual pruning and harvesting.…”

Volatile Composition of Sparkling Wines of cv. Chardonnay Cultivated under Different Training Systems in Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil)

“…In the Douro region, for the varieties Touriga Nacional and Touriga Franca, the influence of two systems on the composition of terpenes, norisoprenoids, and their precursors was evaluated, and it was shown that the double-cordon LYS 2/3 system produced grapes and Porto wines with higher contents of terpenes and norisoprenoid glycosylated fractions compared with vertical shoot positioning (VSP) [ 10 ]. In southern Italy, the interactions between soil management and training systems (bilateral and monolateral Guyot) were shown to be related significantly to aromatic compounds in Negroamaro wine [ 11 ] (and other studies). The most widely applied systems in Brazil are lyre (Y or V), VSP, GDC, and pergola systems.…”