Effect of Sn substitution on the energy storage properties of 0.45SrTiO3–0.2Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.35BaTiO3 ceramics

Progress, Outlook, and Challenges in Lead‐Free Energy‐Storage Ferroelectrics

“…Based on this, systematic work has been first set about by adding BT to form a series of (0.8‐ x )SrTiO 3 0.2Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 ‐ x BaTiO 3 ((0.8‐ x )ST‐0.2NBT‐ x BT) ceramics, then by B‐site substitution to form (1− x )(0.45SrTiO 3 0.2Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 0.35BaTiO 3 )‐ x SnO 2 (STNBTBT‐Sn x ) ceramics. Consequently, ESD of 1.78 J cm −3 has been reached for enhanced ε in the first step and a higher value of 2.25 J cm −3 with much slimmer P – E loops has been finally achieved for lower tanδ and higher E B due to more homogeneous grain size . The dielectric properties' variation with the ESD's increasing process has all been illustrated in Figure , and the improvement of polarization and E B can be clearly observed, respectively, judging from the P – E loop by the addition of BT and SnO 2 .…”

“…Consequently, ESD of 1.78 J cm −3 has been reached for enhanced ε in the first step and a higher value of 2.25 J cm −3 with much slimmer P-E loops has been finally achieved for lower tanδ and higher E B due to more homogeneous grain size. [39,40] The dielectric properties' variation with the ESD's increasing process has all been illustrated in Figure 7, and the improvement of polarization and E B can be clearly observed, respectively, judging from the P-E loop by the addition of BT and SnO 2 . To optimize η of ST-NBT-BT system, which is the same important parameter as ESD in energy materials, favorable solid solution of (1−x) SrTiO 3 -x(0.65BaTiO 3 0.35Bi 0.5 Na0.5TiO 3 ) ((1−x)ST-x(0.65BT-0.35BNT)) with η over 90% caused by enhanced saturated polarization has been reported by Yang et al [41] Na + , Bi 3+ , and Ti 4+ in ST-NBT-BT system have been all partly substituted by Li + , La 3+ , and Zr 4+ , respectively, in the further work to increasing relaxation degree and T c , and this has worked.…”

“…Better performances of RFE and AFE than normal FE have been revealed of shrinkage of E c and stretch of P m −P r and sometimes delayed polarization saturation in P-E loops, resulting in both increasing ESD and η. [23,25,[38][39][40][64][65][66][67][68][69]71] In the process of development for studying energy storage dielectrics/ferroelectrics, computer simulation has played an increasing important role, especially in analyzing the effects of interface engineering. Despite the FES techniques, phase field simulation and first principles calculation have both provided evidence for experimental data and made predictions for discovering new materials.…”

Improved dielectric energy storage performance of Pb-free 0.5Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.5SrTiO3 ceramics modified with CaO

“…The above phenomenon exhibits a typical and strong relaxor behavior, which has already been observed in other perovskites. 26,27 Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 4(f), the T m decreases first, then it increases roughly with increasing the Ca concentration.…”

Recent progress of ecofriendly perovskite-type dielectric ceramics for energy storage applications

“…In this area, Pu and Yang's groups have performed several studies and made much progress. [130][131][132][133][134][135][136] For example, 0.6SrTiO 3 -0.4(Na 0:5 Bi 0:5 ÞTiO 3 ceramics exhibit high W R of $ 1.7 J/cm 3 and η of $ 70% under an electric field of 210 kV/cm. 135 exhibit an ultrahigh W R of $ 9.0 J/cm 3 , but this largely depends on temperature variation and leads to a drastic decrease in W R above 100 ○ C. To minimize the reliance on temperature in energy storage performance, Mn dopant has been added into CHT matrices and W R found to be maintained at $ 9.5 J/cm 3 even with temperature up to 200 ○ C. 137 Subsequently, the oxide additive HfO 2 has been added into (Ca 0:7 Sr 0:3 ÞTiO 3 ceramics to optimize microstructure and energy storage behavior.…”