Effect of smoking parameters on the particle size distribution and predicted airway deposition of mainstream cigarette smoke

Abstract

It is known that puffing conditions such as puff volume, duration, and frequency vary substantially among individual smokers. This study investigates how these parameters affect the particle size distribution and concentration of fresh mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) and how these changes affect the predicted deposition of MCS particles in a model human respiratory tract. Measurements of the particle size distribution made with an electrical low pressure impactor for a variety of puffing conditions are presented. The average flow rate of the puff is found to be the major factor effecting the measured particle size distribution of the MCS. The results of these measurements were then used as input to a deterministic dosimetry model (MPPD) to estimate the changes in the respiratory tract deposition fraction of smoke particles. The MPPD dosimetry model was modified by incorporating mechanisms involved in respiratory tract deposition of MCS: hygroscopic growth, coagulation, evaporation of semivolatiles, and mixing of the smoke with inhaled dilution air. The addition of these mechanisms to MPPD resulted in reasonable agreement between predicted airway deposition and human smoke retention measurements. The modified MPPD model predicts a modest 10% drop in the total deposition efficiency in a model human respiratory tract as the puff flow rate is increased from 1050 to 3100 ml/min, for a 2-s puff.

Characterization of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particle Size Distributions from Commercial Cigarettes Using a DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer and Smoking Cycle Simulator

“…trends observed in the current study for unadjusted data, as well as to puff-by-puff trends reported by most other published studies (Adam et al 2009;Kane et al 2010). Note that Adam et al (2009) and Kane et al (2010) used a 50X and a variable 500-1000X dilution factor, respectively, and that these values are considerably lower than the dilution values employed here.…”

“…They reported count median diameters (CMD) ranging from 180-nm to 280-nm electric mobility diameter and particle number concentrations ranging from 1.4 × 10 9 particles cm −3 to 1.5 × 10 10 particles cm −3 . Kane et al (2010) used a customdesigned smoke sampling system and a Dekati Ltd. (Tampere, Finland) electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) to measure the PSD and number concentration of reference cigarettes. CMDs reported in their study were in the range of 140-to 240-nm aerodynamic diameter.…”

Aerosol deposition doses in the human respiratory tree of electronic cigarette smokers

“…Puff volumes ranging from 31 to 86 cm 3 have been studied in literature (Kane et al, 2010;vanDijk et al, 2011;Sahu et al, 2013) for conventional cigarette smoke. As an average of such values, a 50 cm 3 puff volume was considered in this study.…”

Air pollution and health: bridging the gap from sources to health outcomes: conference summary

“…Mathematical models that predict individual deposition doses of air pollutants are commonly used to estimate doses in epidemiology and toxicology studies and in risk assessments. Such models typically use input data on pollutant physical characteristics, subject breathing patterns, biological characteristics, and exposure times (ICRP 1994;NCRP 1997;Kane et al 2010). Output data include inhaled pollutant total deposition, regional deposition in various portions of the respiratory tract, and sometimes pollutant clearance and internal translocation data.…”