Aerosol deposition doses in the human respiratory tree of electronic cigarette smokers

Manigrasso, Maurizio; Buonanno, Giorgio; Fuoco, Fernanda Carmen; Stabile, Luca; Avino, Pasquale

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.013

Cited by 121 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Real-time instruments were used including two-step dilution methods 20,[24][25][26] that likely change the aerosol size. Near realtime measurements that require long sample processing times, and could cause particle transformation while sampling and analysis, were also reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis

Mikheev

Brinkman

Granville

et al. 2016

NICTOB

158

140

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Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing worldwide and is highest among both daily and nondaily smokers. E-cigarettes are perceived as a healthier alternative to combustible tobacco products, but their health risk factors have not yet been established, and one of them is lack of data on aerosol size generated by e-cigarettes. Methods: We applied a real-time, high-resolution aerosol differential mobility spectrometer to monitor the evolution of aerosol size and concentration during puff development. Particles generated by e-cigarettes were immediately delivered for analysis with minimal dilution and therefore with minimal sample distortion, which is critically important given the highly dynamic aerosol/ vapor mixture inherent to e-cigarette emissions.Results: E-cigarette aerosols normally exhibit a bimodal particle size distribution: nanoparticles (11-25 nm count median diameter) and submicron particles (96-175 nm count median diameter). Each mode has comparable number concentrations (10 7 -10 8 particles/cm 3 ). "Dry puff" tests conducted with no e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) present in the e-cigarette tank demonstrated that under these conditions only nanoparticles were generated. Analysis of the bulk aerosol collected on the filter showed that e-cigarette emissions contained a variety of metals.Conclusions: E-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke. E-cigarettes generate high concentrations of nanoparticles and their chemical content requires further investigation. Despite the small mass of nanoparticles, their toxicological impact could be significant. Toxic chemicals that are attached to the small nanoparticles may have greater adverse health effects than when attached to larger submicron particles. Implications: The e-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke and typically exhibits a bimodal behavior with comparable number concentrations of nanoparticles and submicron particles. While vaping the e-cigarette, along with submicron particles the user is also inhaling nano-aerosol that consists of nanoparticles with attached chemicals that has not been fully investigated. The presence of high concentrations of nanoparticles requires nanotoxicological consideration in order to assess the potential health impact of e-cigarettes. The toxicological impact of inhaled nanoparticles could be significant, though not necessarily similar to the biomarkers typical of combustible tobacco smoke.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis

Mikheev

Brinkman

Granville

et al. 2016

NICTOB

158

140

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“…In Table 1, the parameters of the model Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) [43][44][45] used to evaluate the deposition of particles in the respiratory tract [46,47] during the welding operation described in Figure 4 are reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submicron Particles during Macro- and Micro-Weldings Procedures in Industrial Indoor Environments and Health Implications for Welding Operators

Avino

Manigrasso

Pandolfi³

et al. 2015

Metals

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Abstract:One of the emerging risks in the engineering and electronic industries is the exposure of workers to ultrafine particles during (micro-)welding operations, i.e., processes used for joining two metal parts heated locally, which constitute the base metal, with or without addition of another metal which is the filler metal, melted between the edges to be joined. The process is accompanied by formation of metallic fumes arising from the molten metal as well as by the emission of metal fumes of variable composition depending on the alloys welded and fused. The aim of this paper is to investigate the number, concentration and size distribution of submicron particles produced by (micro-)welding processes. Particle number size distribution is continuously measured during (micro-)welding operations by means of two instruments, i.e., Fast Mobility Particle Sizer and Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor. The temporal variation of the particle number size distribution across the peaks evidences the strong and fast-evolving contribution of nucleation mode particles: peak values are maintained for less than 10 s. The implication of such contribution on human health is linked to the high deposition efficiency of submicronic particles in the alveolar interstitial region of the human respiratory system, where gas exchange occurs. OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 1046

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“…Particle deposition in the human respiratory system was evaluated using the multiple-path particle dosimetry model (MPPD v2.1, ARA 2009), which calculates the deposition and clearance of mono-and poly-disperse aerosols, from ultrafine to coarse particles, in the respiratory system of humans and rats [52][53][54][55][56]. The model includes single and multiple path methods to calculate airflow and aerosol deposition.…”

Section: Particle Dose Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Particles in Residential Indoors and Doses Deposited in the Human Respiratory System

2015

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Indoor aerosol sources may significantly contribute to the daily dose of particles deposited into the human respiratory system. Therefore, it is important to characterize the aerosols deriving from the operations currently performed in an indoor environment and also to estimate the relevant particle respiratory doses. For this aim, aerosols from indoor combustive and non-combustive sources were characterized in terms of aerosol size distributions, and the relevant deposition doses were estimated as a function of time, particle diameter and deposition site in the respiratory system. Ultrafine particles almost entirely made up the doses estimated. The maximum contribution was due to particles deposited in the alveolar region between the 18th and the 21st airway generation. When cooking operations were performed, respiratory doses per unit time were about ten-fold higher than the relevant indoor background dose. Such doses were even higher than those associated with outdoor traffic aerosol.

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Aerosol deposition doses in the human respiratory tree of electronic cigarette smokers

Cited by 121 publications

References 57 publications

Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis

Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis

Submicron Particles during Macro- and Micro-Weldings Procedures in Industrial Indoor Environments and Health Implications for Welding Operators

Ultrafine Particles in Residential Indoors and Doses Deposited in the Human Respiratory System

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