Effect of sloped walking on lower limb muscle forces

Alexander, Nathalie; Schwameder, Hermann

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.03.022

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The kinematic and kinetic data are similar to previous studies of sloped walking [28, 40]. The trend of the muscle forces with the slope was similar to [41] for the gluteals, hamstrings, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius. This study used a model with 18 muscles in each leg, compared to eight in this work, which could explain the higher forces in the iliopsoas, hamstrings, vasti and soleus than in [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The trend of the muscle forces with the slope was similar to [41] for the gluteals, hamstrings, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius. This study used a model with 18 muscles in each leg, compared to eight in this work, which could explain the higher forces in the iliopsoas, hamstrings, vasti and soleus than in [41]. The force in the gluteals was lower, and the force in the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior was similar to [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…This study used a model with 18 muscles in each leg, compared to eight in this work, which could explain the higher forces in the iliopsoas, hamstrings, vasti and soleus than in [41]. The force in the gluteals was lower, and the force in the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior was similar to [41]. Note that inaccuracies in the muscle force and activation could affect the results of all metabolic models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic cost calculations of gait using musculoskeletal energy models, a comparison study

Koelewijn

Heinrich

Bogert

2019

Preprint

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13This paper compares predictions of metabolic energy expenditure in gait using 14 seven metabolic energy expenditure models to assess their correlation with 15 experimental data. Ground reaction forces, marker data, and pulmonary gas 16 exchange data were recorded for six walking trials at combinations of two speeds, 17 0.8 m/s and 1.3 m/s, and three inclines, -8% (downhill), level, and 8% (uphill). 18 The metabolic cost, calculated with the metabolic energy models was compared to 19 the metabolic cost from the pulmonary gas exchange rates. A repeated measures 20 correlation showed that the model by Bhargava et al. [7] and the model by 21 Lichtwark and Wilson [21] correlated best with the experimental data. It was 22 found that for all metabolic energy models, the subject's weight affected the 23 calculated metabolic cost. 24 Introduction 25 Humans prefer to walk in energetically optimal ways. Walking speed [1], the ratio 26 between step length and frequency [2], step width [3] and vertical movement of the 27 March 25, 2019 1/25 center of mass [4, 5] are chosen to minimize energy expenditure. Whole-body energy 28 expenditure can be measured using direct calorimetry, by measuring the heat 29 production in the body, or indirect calorimetry, by measuring the volume of oxygen 30 inspired and carbon dioxide expired [6]. However, these measurements are not always 31 available, but an accurate prediction of energy expenditure is often desired. 32 Instead, musculoskeletal modeling can be used to simulate human gait and to 33 calculate the energy expenditure based on a metabolic energy expenditure model (e.g., 34 [7-10]). These calculations are based on variables that are studied in gait analysis, such 35 as joint moments, joint power, or muscle forces, lengths and activations [11]. With a 36 metabolic energy expenditure model, the energy expenditure can be calculated for gait 37 experiments that did not take metabolic energy expenditure measurements, or for 38 predictive gait simulations, where no experimental data is available. Recently, these 39 simulations have been used to analyze 'what-if scenarios' such as the effect of an 40 intervention such as a prosthesis [12], an exoskeleton [13], ankle foot orthosis [14], 41 additional weight [15], loaded and inclined walking [16], or changing the gait pattern to 42 minimize knee reaction force [17] on gait. Energy cost is an important variable in gait, 43 and should be considered whenever a clinical intervention is studied or designed. 44 In literature several energy models were suggested. The Huxley crossbridge 45 model [18] finds both the muscle force and the energy expenditure of a muscle, but 46 requires up to 18 states [19]. Instead, Hill-type muscle models [20] are typically used to 47 simulate muscles, but these do not output metabolic energy expenditure. Therefore, 48 several metabolic energy expenditure models have been proposed that calculate the 49 energy expenditure during walking based on Hill-type muscles [7-10, 21, 22], based on 50 muscle effici...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic cost calculations of gait using musculoskeletal energy models, a comparison study

Koelewijn

Heinrich

Bogert

2019

Preprint

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“…The speed, step length, step frequency and slope of the ground have different effects on the kinematics, dynamics and muscle forces of lower extremity during walking. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] For instance, the continuous relative phase (CRP) value of thigh flexion/extensionshank flexion/extension is sensitive to the speed of human movement, and the coordination of the lower extremity will decrease with the increase of the walking speed. In addition, the decrease of CRP is due to the movement of mass center of the body vertically, not knee flexion angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Single Crouch Walking Gaits on Fatigue Damages of Lower Extremity Main Muscles

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2019

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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Single crouch walking gait (SCWG) is one of the main walking gaits when one of the legs is injured. However, the research on movement biomechanical characteristics (MBC) of lower extremity in SCWG has not been reported. So, the aim of this study is to analyze kinematics and main muscle fatigue damages of lower extremity in SCWG. Gaits data were collected with functional assessment biomechanics (FAB) system which applies the real-time wireless gait phase detection system, the movement function relations of joints of lower extremity were obtained by fitting the collected data in normal walking gait (NWG) and SCWG with Fourier series, the fitted movement functions were input to 3D human musculoskeletal model as driving functions for human movement to analyze the differences of MBC between SCWG and NWG. Finally, the muscle contractions were used to evaluate muscle fatigue damage. Compared with NWG, the result shows that the movement range of the joint angles of lower extremity are reduced in SCWG, the change law of hip internal/external rotation angle (IERA) has a significant difference, and the change laws of other joint angles are similarly between SCWG and NWG. The muscle contractions of Gluteus maximum (GMAX) 2, Gluteus meddle (GMED) 1, GMED2, Iliacus (ILI), Rectus femoris (RFEM), Soleus (SOL), Gastrocnemius (GAS) and Vastus lateralis (VLAT) are significantly larger in SCWG than in NWG (except GlutMed2 which is about 20–40% and VLAT which is about 63.8–76.1% of gait cycle), namely, these muscles easily cause muscle damages in SCWG. The contraction change of Adductor magnus (AMAG) is dispersed, so AMAG is prone to muscle fatigue in SCWG. The study results will fill in the gaps in the MBC of lower extremity in SCWG and provide data for Rehabilitation Medical Technology (RMT) and development of rehabilitation equipment of lower extremity.

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“…Knowing the activation and force profiles of individual muscles during various movements can help to gain further insight into the causes of impairments and inform targeted treatments. Yet, a range of muscle activation and force modelling approaches have been applied in research studies of sport performance or clinical interventions [3][4][5][6][7] but use of modelling has not yet become established as a part of routine clinical gait analysis [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of muscle activation during different walking speeds with two mathematical approaches compared to surface EMG

et al. 2018

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Modelling approaches do not yet show sufficient consistency of agreement between estimated and recorded muscle activation to support recommending immediate clinical adoption of muscle force modelling. This may be because assumptions underlying muscle activation estimations (e.g. muscles' anatomy and maximum voluntary contraction) are not yet sufficiently individualizable. Future research needs to find timely and cost efficient ways to scale musculoskeletal models for better individualisation to facilitate future clinical implementation.

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Effect of sloped walking on lower limb muscle forces

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Metabolic cost calculations of gait using musculoskeletal energy models, a comparison study

Metabolic cost calculations of gait using musculoskeletal energy models, a comparison study

Effects of Single Crouch Walking Gaits on Fatigue Damages of Lower Extremity Main Muscles

Estimation of muscle activation during different walking speeds with two mathematical approaches compared to surface EMG

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