Effect of slickwater-alternate-slurry injection on proppant transport at field scales: A hybrid approach combining experiments and deep learning

Hou, Lei; Cheng, Yiyan; Wang, Xiaoyu; Ren, Jianhua; Geng, Xueyu

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122987

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The success of hydraulic fracturing relies on a multitude of parameters such as proppant transport and placement efficiency, ,− proppant strength relative to the downhole minimum horizontal stress, − hardness of the proppant and fractured formation shaping the proppant embedment tendency, − fracturing fluid leak-off into the formation and its flow-back, − and fracture propagation. − Although surface properties directly impact flow and transport, there are very few studies that examined the effect of proppant wettability characteristics on fracture flow performance. Those studies performed either microscale or macroscale core flooding or proxy experiments like sandpack flooding and column testing to infer the fluid flow efficiency for different proppant affinities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Study of Wettability Alteration and Fluid Flow in Propped Fractures of Ultra-Tight Carbonates

Elkhatib

Xie

Mohamed³

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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The in situ change in oil flow behavior inside propped fractures due to wettability alteration of proppant grains and fracture surfaces was thoroughly investigated for the first time in this study. A series of microscale flow experiments were performed in mixed-wet fractured and propped miniature ultra-tight carbonate cores where the effect of wettability on oil bridging and fracture oil layer integrity was probed during oil production. During the initial production, proppant wettability changed toward an intermediate-wet state (contact angle (CA) = 96°) while that of fracture surfaces became strongly oil-wet (CA = 139°). Consequently, the fracture oil layer grew in size on both fracture surfaces and imbibed into the proppant pack through piston-like displacement and pore body filling until oil bridges were formed during oil injection. However, subsequent waterflooding induced thinning and rupturing of those bridges due to the accompanying reduction in the threshold capillary pressure of the proppant at higher aging times. The in situ chemical treatment of the proppant by a cationic surfactant (dodecyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide) could reverse its wettability toward weakly water-wet state (CA = 78°) after oil solubilization from the sand grains followed by substitutive surfactant adsorption. Surfactant injection also impacted the wettability of the fracture surface due to oil solubilization, reducing its mean contact angle down to an intermediate range (CA = 99°). As a result, the following oil production cycle yielded a smaller fracture oil layer. The surfactant effect on proppant wettability lasted for 2 weeks while its effect on fracture wettability lasted for more than 6 weeks. Similar flow cycles were performed with an anionic nanoparticle (graphene quantum dot) with hydrogen bonding ability. The nanoparticle solution yielded a quick reduction of the proppant and fracture surface contact angles to nearly 77° and 115°, respectively. Proppant wettability alteration occurred because the nanoparticles self-assembled at the three-point contact region between adsorbed oil and quartz surfaces, leading to oil solubilization in intermediate-wet regions while oil-wet regions remained unchanged. Therefore, re-introducing oil into the fracture instantaneously re-instated the initial wettability state of proppant grains (CA = 88°), deeming the nanoparticle solution ineffective. This study revealed that oil production through hydraulic fractures can be enhanced by monitoring the wettability of the proppant pack. If the production has a high water cut, it is beneficial to use chemical agents that reduce the proppant contact angles to a weakly water-wet state in order to preserve the hydraulic conductivity of the oil layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-Scale Study of Wettability Alteration and Fluid Flow in Propped Fractures of Ultra-Tight Carbonates

Elkhatib

Xie

Mohamed³

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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“…6 the y-axis is of the error value, while the x-axis is the epoch priode. Training errors are shown in blue and predictions/testing errors are shown in orange [18]. Pthere is a 100th epoch, the image shows optimal performance, where the training and testing performance intersect each other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall prediction using artificial neural network with historical weather data as supporting parameters

Pratomo¹,

Santosa²,

Tahalea³

et al. 2022

Jurnal Informatika

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Changing climatic patterns are caused by changes in variables, such as rainfall and air temperature that occur continuously in the long term. Rainfall itself is influenced by several weather factors such as air humidity, wind speed, air pressure, and temperature. This study experimented to test a combination of 9 additional weather parameters such as dew point, wind gusts, cloud cover, humidity, rainfall, air pressure, air temperature, wind direction, and wind speed to predict daily rainfall for one year using the main parameters of the rainfall time series. Prediction is done using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN architecture used is to use 3 to 11 input parameters, 1 hidden layer totaling 60 neurons with the ReLu activation function, and 1 neuron in the output layer without an activation function. ANN without additional weather parameters obtained an MSE of 0.01654, while prediction using additional weather parameters obtained an MSE of 0.00884. So the combination of rainfall time series parameters with additional weather parameters is proven to provide a smaller MSE value KEYWORDS ANN Rainfall forecasting ReLU activation functionThis is an open-access article under the CC-BY-SA license

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“…These dunes vary in shape and size as continuous injections progress. Within fractures, the proppant is then transported in the form of these dunes, creating a dynamic and complex process, unlike water-based high-viscosity fluids that evenly suspend the proppant (Hou et al, 2022a;Hou et al, 2022b). When the mass flow remains constant, altering the injection temperature to a higher value or reducing the injection pressure will lead to a decrease in both viscosity and density of supercritical CO 2 , resulting in evolutions of equilibrium height and distance for dune transport, as presented in Figure 4 (Zheng et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Proppant Transport By Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of CO2 fracturing for CCUS—the technical gap between theory and practice

Hou,

Luo,

Gong

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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CO2, used as an environmentally friendly fracturing fluid, has encountered a bottleneck in development in recent years. Despite great efforts in research work, limited progress has been made in field applications. In this study, an extensive literature review of research work and field cases was performed to summarize the technical issues and challenges of CO2 fracturing. The key issues of CO2 fracturing were analyzed to reveal the gap between fundamental research and field operations. The effects of CO2 properties on fracture creation and proppant transport were synthetically analyzed to extract new common research orientations, with the aim of improving the efficiency of CO2 injection. The hydraulic parameters of CO2 fracturing were compared with those of water-based fracturing fluids, which revealed a theory-practice gap. By studying the developing trends and successful experiences of conventional fluids, new strategies for CO2 fracturing were proposed. We identified that the major theory-practice gap in CO2 fracturing exists in pump rate and operation scale. Consequently, the friction reducer, effects of flow loss (due to leak-off) and distribution (within fracture networks), and shear viscosity of thickened CO2 are key factors in improving both fracture propagation and proppant transport. By increasing the scale of injected CO2, the CO2 fracturing technique can be enhanced, making it an essential option for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change.

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Effect of slickwater-alternate-slurry injection on proppant transport at field scales: A hybrid approach combining experiments and deep learning

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Pore-Scale Study of Wettability Alteration and Fluid Flow in Propped Fractures of Ultra-Tight Carbonates

Pore-Scale Study of Wettability Alteration and Fluid Flow in Propped Fractures of Ultra-Tight Carbonates

Rainfall prediction using artificial neural network with historical weather data as supporting parameters

Promotion of CO2 fracturing for CCUS—the technical gap between theory and practice

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