Effect of Single or Combined Climatic and Hygienic Stress in Four Layer Lines: 2. Endocrine and Oxidative Stress Responses

Abstract

Effects of long-term climatic stress (heat exposure), short-term hygienic stress [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], or combined exposure to these stressors on endocrine and oxidative stress parameters of 4 layer lines (B1, WA, WB, and WF) were investigated. The lines were earlier characterized for natural humoral immune competence and survival rate. Eighty hens per line were randomly divided over 2 identical climate chambers and exposed to constant high temperature (32 degrees C) or a control temperature (21 degrees C) for 23 d. Half of the hens housed in each chamber were i.v. injected with LPS at d 1 after the start of the heat stress period. The effect of heat, LPS, or combined exposure on plasma levels of corticosterone, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)), glucose, uric acid (UA), and TBA reacting substances (TBARS) were investigated. Except for UA, there were no interactions between heat stress and LPS administration. Heat stress enhanced levels of corticosterone, glucose, and TBARS, whereas levels of T(3) and UA were decreased. The T(3) levels, however, were enhanced by LPS administration, whereas levels of UA were decreased. Administration of LPS had no effect on levels of corticosterone and TBARS. Because both stressors caused a reduction in feed intake, it is assumed that changes in most of the plasma levels of the endocrine and oxidative stress parameters are related with the reduction in feed intake. Neither natural humoral immune competence nor survival rate, for which the lines have been characterized, was indicative for the endocrine and oxidative stress responses to different stressors. The present data suggest that hens were able to cope with single or combined heat stress and LPS administration and that heat stress and LPS administration acted like 2 independent stressors. Furthermore, the 4 layer lines differed in response patterns and response levels; line WB was physiologically most sensitive to environmental changes.

Welfare improvement in laying hens during the hot period under a semi-open rearing system through dietary arginine and vitamin C supplementation

“…The heat stress in our experiment was manifested with significantly lower number of feeding, egg-laying, feather-cleaning, dust bathing and mating birds but increased number of drinking and resting control birds, compared to the thermoneutral period, which are criteria for welfare worsening in birds (Ensminger et al, 1990;Sahin et al, 2009;Bozakova et al, 2012). Similar results for decreased egglaying during a hot period in breeder hens are reported by Star et al (2008) and Yardibi & Turkay (2008). The elevated corticosterone, cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the thermoneutral period in our experiment resulted in lower total poultry welfare score in control hens during the hot period (PW=33.33%).…”

“…Our data are in agreement with those reported by Popova-Ralcheva et al (2002), Sahin et al (2005;, affirming that during heat stress, corticosterone, adrenaline and glucagon are primary regulators of blood glucose in birds and providing evidence for increased serum glucose, cholesterol and creatinine. The experiments of Star et al (2008) and Sahin et al (2009) demonstrated statistically significantly higher blood corticosterone, glucose and reactive oxygen species in four strains of laying hens. In birds with induced stress Puvadolpirod & Thaxton (2000a,b,c) reported higher blood plasma cholesterol and lower total protein concentrations.…”

“…Other behavioural traits include more frequent drinking, looking for shady places to hide etc. aimed at greater body heat loss (Star et al, 2008). However, free-range and semi-open farming conditions may challenge the adaptation abilities of poultry to the changed environment.…”

The Relationship of the Expressions of Stress-related Markers and Their Production Performances in Korean Domestic Chicken Breed

“…으로 보고되고 있다 (Cahaner et al, 2008;Star et al, 2008aStar et al, , 2008bFelver-Gant et al, 2012;Sohn et al, , 2015Cho et al, 2016). 개체에 스트레스가 가해졌을 때 체내 항상성 유 지를 위해 생체는 즉각적으로 생리적 반응을 한다.…”

“…닭에 있어 이러한 급만성 열 스트레스는 HSPs 유 전자의 발현 증가와 더불어 산란계 및 육계의 생산능력 저 하를 유발하고, 체내 면역력을 약화시켜 질병의 감염빈도를 증가시킨다 (Reece et al, 1972;Muiruri and Harrison, 1991;Njoya and Picard, 1994;Woelfel et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2004;Mashaly et al, 2004;Al-Fataftah and Abu-Dieyeh, 2007;Song et al 2012;Zulkifli et al, 2014 (Lee and Steinert, 1995;Ryu et al, 1997;Lew et al, 2004). Comet assay에 의한 comet score는 산화적 스트레스 시험이나 유전독성 시험에서 DNA 손상정도를 알 기 위해 널리 이용되는 지표로서, 닭의 스트레스 반응 정도 측정에도 이러한 표지가 유용하게 이용되고 있다 (Baos et al, 2006;Frankic et al, 2006;Sohn et al, 2012;Cho et al, 2016 (Bobek et al, 1980;Garriga et al, 2006;Star et al, 2008a;Quinterio-Filho et al, 2010;Kamboh et al, 2013).…”