Effect of simultaneous exposure to extremely short pulses of blue and green light on human pupillary constriction

Lee, Soomin; Ishibashi, Shougo; Shimomura, Yoshihiro; Katsuura, Tetsuo

doi:10.1186/s40101-016-0109-3

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We observed that the percentage of pupillary constriction during the Blue condition was greater than that during the Green condition. This result was in agreement with the previous studies [ 7 , 27 ]. The recovery time during the Blue condition was longer than that during the Green condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…We defined the “subadditive response to light” as the effect of simultaneous exposure to several color lights was smaller than that of monochromatic light exposure. In our previous study, we observed that pupillary constriction during the simultaneous exposure to pulses of blue and green light was smaller than during exposure to a pulse of blue light despite the double irradiance intensity of the combination [ 27 ]. Subadditive responses were also found in other studies of monochromatic and polychromatic light on melatonin suppression [ 28 – 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subadditive responses to extremely short blue and green pulsed light on visual evoked potentials, pupillary constriction and electroretinograms

Lee

Uchiyama

Shimomura

et al. 2017

J Physiol Anthropol

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Background: The simultaneous exposure to blue and green light was reported to result in less melatonin suppression than monochromatic exposure to blue or green light. Here, we conducted an experiment using extremely short blue-and green-pulsed light to examine their visual and nonvisual effects on visual evoked potentials (VEPs), pupillary constriction, electroretinograms (ERGs), and subjective evaluations. Methods: Twelve adult male subjects were exposed to three light conditions: blue-pulsed light (2.5-ms pulse width), green-pulsed light (2.5-ms pulse width), and simultaneous blue-and green-pulsed light with white background light. We measured the subject's pupil diameter three times in each condition. Then, after 10 min of rest, the subject was exposed to the same three light conditions. We measured the averaged ERG and VEP during 210 pulsed-light exposures in each condition. We also determined subjective evaluations using a visual analog scale (VAS) method. Results: The pupillary constriction during the simultaneous exposure to blue-and green-pulsed light was significantly lower than that during the blue-pulsed light exposure despite the double irradiance intensity of the combination. We also found that the b/|a| wave of the ERGs during the simultaneous exposure to blue-and green-pulsed light was lower than that during the blue-pulsed light exposure. We confirmed the subadditive response to pulsed light on pupillary constriction and ERG. However, the P100 of the VEPs during the blue-pulsed light were smaller than those during the simultaneous blue-and green-pulsed light and green-pulsed light, indicating that the P100 amplitude might depend on the luminance of light. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the effect of the subadditive response to extremely short pulsed light on pupillary constriction and ERG responses. The effects on ipRGCs by the blue-pulsed light exposure are apparently reduced by the simultaneous irradiation of green light. The blue versus yellow (b/y) bipolar cells in the retina might be responsible for this phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subadditive responses to extremely short blue and green pulsed light on visual evoked potentials, pupillary constriction and electroretinograms

Lee

Uchiyama

Shimomura

et al. 2017

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…For example, Figueiro et al [ 22 ] revealed that compared to monochromatic light exposure to blue (450 nm) or green (525 nm) light, simultaneous exposure to blue and green light resulted in less melatonin suppression. Moreover, we also found that pupillary constriction in response to simultaneous exposure to an extremely short pulse (1 ms) of blue and green light was less pronounced than during exposure to a pulse of blue light alone despite the double irradiance intensity of the combination [ 26 ]. These results seem to support the theory that input from rods and cones influences the responses of ipRGCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human pupillary light reflex during successive irradiation with 1-ms blue- and green-pulsed light

Lee

Muto

Shimomura

et al. 2017

J Physiol Anthropol

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BackgroundIn the human retina, the contribution of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to the regulation of the pupillary response remains poorly understood. The objective of the current study was to determine the response dynamics of the pupillary light reflex to short, successive pulses of light. In order to better assess the roles of ipRGCs and cones, we used pulses of blue and green light.MethodsEach participant was exposed to 1-ms blue (466 nm) and/or green (527 nm) light pulses simultaneously or separately, with inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 ms. Pupil diameter was measured using an infrared camera system.ResultsWe found that human pupillary light responses during simultaneous irradiation or successive irradiation with ISIs ≤ 250 ms were equivalent, though successive irradiation of blue- and green-pulsed light with ISIs ≥ 500 ms induced markedly increased pupillary constriction.ConclusionsWe propose that this result may be related to cell hyperpolarization that occurs in the retina just after the first light stimulus is turned off, with the threshold for this effect being between 250 and 500 ms in the human retina.

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“…It is the evidence that lighting by a luminous lamp at a dip in 480 nanometers area of a spectrum exerts complex influence. Soomin Lee et al in their work describe light stimuli impacts exerted by two color lights (blue, 470 nanometers, and green, 532 nanometers) and by blue light separately on volunteers' eyes [28]. The resulting PIPR responses are given in Figure 6.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persistent disorders in aqueous humor outflow can cause glaucoma, choroidal neovascularization, and macular degeneration [8,28,33]. As for cataract, there is various research on its relation to high degree myopia [36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Disorders in melanopsin effect of pupil constriction as a risk factor causing eye diseases

Kaptsov¹,

Dainego²

2017

Health Risk Analysis

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Effect of simultaneous exposure to extremely short pulses of blue and green light on human pupillary constriction

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Subadditive responses to extremely short blue and green pulsed light on visual evoked potentials, pupillary constriction and electroretinograms

Subadditive responses to extremely short blue and green pulsed light on visual evoked potentials, pupillary constriction and electroretinograms

Human pupillary light reflex during successive irradiation with 1-ms blue- and green-pulsed light

Disorders in melanopsin effect of pupil constriction as a risk factor causing eye diseases

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