Effect of short‐term vitamin D supplementation after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Abstract

Objectives: This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation on the residual moderate and deep pockets following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.Background: Vitamin D supplementation has potential effects on periodontitis, but current evidence remains inconclusive. Methods: After 3 months of nonsurgical periodontal treatment, 360 patients with moderate or severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to 2000 international unit (IU)/d vitamin D3, 1000 IU/d vitamin D3, or placebo. Clinical periodontal examinations, including probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PLI), attachment loss (AL), and alveolar crest height (ACH), were performed at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Results: There was a slight but significant decrease in AL and PD in both vitamin D groups compared with placebo group for moderate and deep pockets. About 2000 IU/d vitamin D3 group, 1000 IU/d vitamin D3 group, and placebo group all decreased the AL for both moderate pockets (−0.4 mm vs −0.4 mm vs −0.3 mm) and deep pockets (−1.1 mm vs −1.1 mm vs −1.0 mm) (all P < .05). Similarly, PD was also decreased in these three groups for both moderate pockets and deep pockets (all P < .05). In addition, vitamin D supplementation was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Although statistically significant differences were observed in favor to vitamin D supplementation, the magnitude of effect size tended to be modest with limited clinical relevance and the long-term efficacy and safety warrant further investigation. K E Y W O R D S periodontal disease, periodontitis, randomized controlled trial, vitamin D supplementation | 355 GAO et Al.

Vitamin D and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In Vitamin D supplementation on NSPT, two studies were included [ 63 , 64 ]. Overall, 557 patients suffering from chronic periodontitis were submitted to NSPT and 276 participants were medicated with Vitamin D3 supplements.…”

“…Overall, 557 patients suffering from chronic periodontitis were submitted to NSPT and 276 participants were medicated with Vitamin D3 supplements. Gao et al [ 63 ] searched the effect of two different concentrations of Vitamin D3 supplements in a controlled design ( Table 2 ).…”

“…Gao et al [ 63 ] applied vitamin D supplementation on 360 patients with moderate or severe periodontitis following NSPT. Patients were randomly assigned to 2000 international units (IU)/d vitamin D3, 1000 IU/d vitamin D3, or placebo.…”

Application of adjunct vitamin D supplementation in the management of periodontal disease: A three-pronged approach

“…Recently, Gao et al. 10 evaluated the efficacy and safety of VDS in moderate to severe periodontitis subjects after three months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in a double-blind clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups; VDS 2000 international unit (IU), VDS 1000 IU, and placebo.…”

“…VDS increased serum 25(OH)D levels along with a significant decrease in clinical attachment loss and pocket probing depth in both doses as compared to the placebo. 10 …”