Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation.

25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels were systemically and locally reduced in patients with GAgP by initial periodontal therapy. 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) might be involved in periodontal inflammation.

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid are 300 times higher than those in the plasma of patients with aggressive periodontitis. Here we explored whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 can be synthesized by periodontal soft tissue cells. We also investigated which of the two main kinds of hydroxylases, CYP27A1 and CYP2R1, is the key 25-hydroxylase in periodontal soft tissue cells.Methodology/Principal FindingsPrimary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells from 5 individual donors were established. CYP27A1 mRNA, CYP2R1 mRNA and CYP27A1 protein were detected in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, whereas CYP2R1 protein was not. After incubation with the 25-hydroxylase substrate vitamin D3, human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells generated detectable 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 that resulted in the production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Specific knockdown of CYP27A1 in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells using siRNA resulted in a significant reduction in both 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. Knockdown of CYP2R1 did not significantly influence 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis. Sodium butyrate did not influence significantly CYP27A1 mRNA expression; however, interleukin-1β and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide strongly induced CYP27A1 mRNA expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells.ConclusionsThe activity of 25-hydroxylase was verified in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, and CYP27A1 was identified as the key 25-hydroxylase in these cells.

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is abundant around periodontal soft tissues. Here we investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is converted to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in periodontal soft tissue cells and explore the possibility of an autocrine/paracrine function of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in periodontal soft tissue cells.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe established primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells from 5 individual donors. We demonstrated that 1α-hydroxylase was expressed in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, as was cubilin. After incubation with the 1α-hydroxylase substrate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells generated detectable 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 that resulted in an up-regulation of CYP24A1 and RANKL mRNA. A specific knockdown of 1α-hydroxylase in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells using siRNA resulted in a significant reduction in both 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production and mRNA expression of CYP24A1 and RANKL. The classical renal regulators of 1α-hydroxylase (parathyroid hormone, calcium and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide did not influence 1α-hydroxylase expression significantly, however, interleukin-1β and sodium butyrate strongly induced 1α-hydroxylase expression in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells.Conclusions/SignificanceIn this study, the expression, activity and functionality of 1α-hydroxylase were detected in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, raising the possibility that vitamin D acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner in these cells.

These findings suggest that the vitamin D pathway exists in hGFs and hPDLCs and plays an important role in immune defense in periodontal soft tissues.

A surge of interest has been brought to all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) as they show great prospects for enabling higher energy density and improved safety compared to conventional liquid batteries. Na Super Ionic CONductors (NaSICONs) proposed by Goodenough and Hong in 1976 are the most promising materials class for Nabased ASSBs owing to their excellent ion conductivity (>1 mS cm −1 ), high thermal and chemical/electrochemical stability, as well as good chemical/electrochemical compatibility with electrode materials. The major challenge facing NaSICONtype electrolytes is the generally high interfacial resistance and thus sluggish charge transfer kinetics across the NaSICON/cathode interface. Great endeavors in the past few years have led to progress in the improvement of the ion-conducting property, and a dramatic decrease in the NaSICON/electrode interface resistance. Excellent cycling performance and rate capability have been achieved through interface engineering. In this review article, we summarize the state-of-theart findings for various derivatives of NaSICON structured solid electrolytes, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism for the improvement of ion conductivity, and the intrinsic reasons for the enhanced interface charge transfer kinetics. These strategies can be readily extended to other solid electrolytes. We hope this review will inspire more work on NaSICONtype solid electrolytes and solid-state batteries.

The FF-VDR genotype is associated with the most remarkable upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in hPDLCs.

Background: To investigate the regenerative effect of adjunctive use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM), and plateletrich fibrin (PRF) in intrabony defects. Methods: Fourteen participants were enrolled, and for each patient their left and right two sides were randomized to the test group or control group. Only the worst intrabony defect on each side was analyzed. The test group received GTR, BPBM, and PRF, whereas the control group received only GTR and BPBM. The PRF used in the trial was fluid PRF, which combined with the BPBM to form a BPBM-PRF complex. The patients were followed up by clinical and radiographic evaluation for 24 months after surgery.Results: Probing depth (PD) in the test group was significantly less than that in the control group at 12 and 24 months after surgery, and the mean difference was ≈ 0.5 to 0.7 mm. Clinical attachment level (CAL) gain in the test group was ≈ 0.9 mm higher than that in the control group at 6 months after surgery, and the difference reached 1.0 to 1.1 mm 12 and 24 months after surgery. None of the other clinical or radiographic parameters differed significantly between the two groups at any time-point after the surgery. Conclusion:Compared with GTR and BPBM, the combination of GTR and BPBM-PRF complex is more effective clinically, and results in better clinical outcomes.