Effect of shell as natural testosterone boosters in Sprague Dawley rats

Abstract

Aim:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shell supplementation on the regulation of male reproduction in ratsMaterials and Methods:The zinc (Zn) level of shell from blood clam (Anadara granosa), green mussel (Perna viridis), and conch shell (Telescopium telescopium) was analyzed. The highest Zn content shell was fed to male Sprague Dawley rats for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days at the dose of either 0.09 mg/200 g BW or 0.18 mg/200 g BW. To determine the testosterone levels, blood was collected through the infraorbitalis sinus just before the rat was sacrificed. Testicular and brain were also collected for Cyp19 aromatase receptor analysis.Results:The Zn level in the shell of blood clam, green mussel, and conch shell 61.55 mg/kg, 2.78 mg/kg, and 3.93 mg/kg, respectively. The testosterone level of T1 group receiving 0.18 mg/200 g BW for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 1.42±0.59, 2.15±1.58, 2.98±2.53, and 8.11±2.03 ng/mL, respectively. The testosterone level of T2 group receiving 0.09 mg/200 g BW for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 2.50±0.32, 1.25±0.60, 3.87±3.27, and 3.54±0.23 ng/mL, respectively. The T3 group receiving Na-CMC showed the level of testosterone at days 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 0.77±0.22, 1.99±1.65, 4.12±0.07, and 2.19±1.30 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the T4 group receiving Zn showed testosterone levels at days 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 0.51±0.58, 2.24±3.16, 4.58±1.97, and 2.89±0.20 ng/mL, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the T1 group compared to the other groups. However, the absence of expression of Cyp19 aromatase both in Leydig cells and the brain indicated no conversion of testosterone to estradiol. To add, this finding showed the potential use of the shell to boost the testosterone level in male rats.Conclusion:Shell acted as an aromatase blocker to boost the testosterone level in male rats. This also indicates its promising application in birds to manipulate the quality of song and feather.

Anadara granosa shell powder improves the metabolism, testosterone level, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens

“…Blood samples were drawn before administering A. granosa shell powder (day 0). Day 8 was considered the 1 st day shell powder was mixed into feed, which continued for 48 days at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg BW, as modified by Astuti et al [14]. The blood sampling and voice recording were conducted once every 2 weeks on days 14, 28, 42, and 56.…”

“…The Zn content of the powder could play an important role as an aromatase blocker, which can change testosterone into estrogen [14,38,39]. According to Park et al [40], Zn represented an important nutrient in animal metabolism.…”

“…Shells of Anadara granosa are usually disposed off and not used for any purpose [13]. According to Astuti et al [14], the powder from shells of A. granosa contains Zn, magnesium (Mg), calcium, sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and potassium (K). The powder from the shells A. granosa also contains copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) [15].…”

“…Sahin et al [16] suggested that a combination of Mg, Zn, and Se is more effective than the individual minerals in increasing testosterone levels and muscle mass. According to Astuti et al [14], the Zn contained in the powder of A. granosa shells could play an important role as an aromatase blocker, which subsequently results in the absence of changes of testosterone into estrogen, such that blood testosterone content is consistently high. Some studies have shown that Zn, Mg, and vitamins in shellfish can increase testosterone content [5].…”

Efficiency of Testosterone Administration on the Performance of Day Old Chick (DOC) Layer: Cockscomb Size, T3/T4 Ratio, and Histopathological Description of Bursa Fabricius

“…This study used 60 DOC of male layer chickens [Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus 1758)] with a weight of ± 50 grams. They were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, the control group (C) was injected with physiological NaCl), TO was injected with a single dose of testosterone (0.1 mL), and TC was given daily testosterone injection at a dose of 3 mg/day (0.1 mL) subcutaneously for 35 days [2,6]. The variables analyzed were the size of the cockscomb, the ratio of T3/T4, and the histopathological features of the bursa of Fabricius.…”