Anadara granosa shell powder improves the metabolism, testosterone level, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens

Abstract

Background and Aim: Pelung chickens make unique, pleasant, and rhythmic sounds in addition to having strong muscle mass. Performance is controlled by testosterone. A natural aromatase blocker is an agent capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme, which consequently prevents testosterone from being changed into estradiol. Such a condition results in consistently high testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the administration of the shell powder of Anadara granosa on the testosterone level, frequency and quality of sounds, and metabolism of Pelung chickens within set parameters of thyroid hormone levels, the triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio, and weight gain. Materials and Methods: This study used four Pelung chickens aged 14 months. Control data consisted of data before treatment (day 0). Shell powder of A. granosa was administered for 56 days. Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood samples were drawn. In addition, the sounds from Pelung chickens were recorded once every 2 weeks on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. The blood samples were analyzed using the enzyme immunoassay method to determine testosterone, T3, and T4 levels. The sounds of Pelung chickens were recorded using the Hagemon touch method and analyzed using the Audacity application. Results: The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the levels of testosterone, BW, and sound frequency after the administration of A. granosa shell powder, but the administration did not have a significant effect on the levels of T4 and T3 hormones (thyroid hormone), T3/T4 ratio, or sound duration. The testosterone content and BW of Pelung chickens increased from day 14 to day 56, whereas T3 was indicative of the same profile as the T4 hormone. However, T3 and T4 levels and the T3/T4 ratio decreased and increased, respectively. The sound frequency of Pelung chickens increased from day 0 to day 14, although sound duration decreased. Conclusion: The administration of A. granosa shell powder at 0.9 mg/kg BW orally could improve the metabolism, testosterone level, BW, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens.

The Potency of Anadara nodifera Shell as Natural Testosterone Booster for Male Canary (Seriunus canaria)

“…Brenowitz (2013) reported that testosterone is able to increase the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in HVC, then BDNF protein will be released into postsynaptic cells in the RA nucleus where it has trophic. This is also supported by the documentation of capability Anadara granosa shell to increase the singing frequency of Canaries and Pelung chickens (Astuti et al 2020;Yuneldi et al 2021d). It is then assumed that Anadara nodifera also capable of increasing the frequency and sound quality of male canaries.…”

“…Subsequently, 100-300 μl TMB substrate reagent was added to the wells, while the microplate was covered and incubated for 30 minutes. Then, 50 μl stop solution was added to the wells and absorbance was read using ELISA Reader or Microplate Reader (ZENIX-320) with the absorbance wave of 450 nm for 15 minutes (Yuneldi et al 2021d).…”

“…The Zn content in clam shell powder plays an important role as an aromatase blocker to inhibit the aromatase enzyme from converting testosterone into oestrogen (Astuti et al 2019;Yuneldi et al 2021a;Yuneldi et al 2021d). Enzyme of aromatase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP19A1 isoform) action which catalyse the conversion of androgens to oestrogens.…”

“…Testosterone is a vital male hormone. It controls voice, growth, muscle strength, spermatogenesis, and sex drive (Astuti et al 2006(Astuti et al , 2019Josiak et al 2014;Ko et al 2021;Yuneldi et al 2021aYuneldi et al , 2021bYuneldi et al , 2021cYuneldi et al , 2021d. Common practice of injecting anabolic hormones such as testosterone in male birds is proposed to maintain the performance.…”

Zinc and Shell Flour as Innovative Natural Aromatase Blocker to Increase Testosterone Concentration

“…[23] reported that aromatase blockers are effective in overcoming hypogonadism, as well as minimal side effects. Its use has not been highly recommended because drug preparations are not yet commercially available [24], the drug does not react long-term and the literature is still limited [25].…”