Effect of sex chromosome number variation on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, executive function, and processing speed

Green, Tamar; Flash, Shira; Shankar, Geeta; Shrestha, Sharon Bade; Jo, Booil; Klabunde, Megan; Hong, David S.; Reiss, Allan L.

doi:10.1111/dmcn.15020

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…brain connectome organizations) but also to predict core clinical symptoms of ADHD (e.g. poor executive function) 90–92 . Despite shared chromosomal variants in cross‐disorder diagnostics (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…poor executive function). [90][91][92] Despite shared chromosomal variants in cross-disorder diagnostics (e.g. autism, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia), such X-linked changes were found to be relatively specific for ADHD by showing the common chromosomal alternations of other neuropsychiatric disorders into 3, 10, and 16 (rather into X).…”

Section: Gene-set Decoding Of Pls Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter‐, cell type‐specific and chromosome‐ transcriptomic signatures

Chen,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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AimsThis study aimed to illuminate the neuropathological landscape of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a multiscale macro–micro‐molecular perspective from in vivo neuroimaging data.MethodsThe “ADHD‐200 initiative” repository provided multi‐site high‐quality resting‐state functional connectivity (rsfc‐) neuroimaging for ADHD children and matched typically developing (TD) cohort. Diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient detecting biologically plausible neural pattern was built, and the multivariate partial least square method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal gradient‐transcriptional signatures of AHBA enrichment and meta‐analytic decoding.ResultsCompared to TD, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical gradient perturbations in almost all the cognition‐involved brain macroscale networks (all pBH <0.001), but not in the brain global topology. As an intermediate phenotypic variant, such gradient perturbation was spatially enriched into distributions of GABAA/BZ and 5‐HT2A receptors (all pBH <0.01) and co‐varied with genetic transcriptional expressions (e.g. DYDC2, ATOH7, all pBH <0.01), associated with phenotypic variants in episodic memory and emotional regulations. Enrichment models demonstrated such gradient‐transcriptional variants indicated the risk of both cell‐specific and chromosome‐ dysfunctions, especially in enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells (all pperm <0.05) as well enrichment into chromosome 18, 19 and X (pperm <0.05).ConclusionsOur findings bridged brain macroscale neuropathological patterns to microscale/cellular biological architectures for ADHD children, demonstrating the neurobiologically pathological mechanism of ADHD into the genetic and molecular variants in GABA and 5‐HT systems as well brain‐derived enrichment of specific cellular/chromosomal expressions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene-set Decoding Of Pls Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter‐, cell type‐specific and chromosome‐ transcriptomic signatures

Chen,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…A study showed that X chromosome variation may explain ADHD prevalence discrepancies between males and females. Therefore, X-linked gene dosage or genetic variations may explain why ADHD is more common in males than females [ 23 ]. We also found that ADHD was more common at younger ages, as shown in a previous study where ADHD was more prevalent when children started school [ 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Children Diagnosed With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Aged 4–17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zakariyah

2023

Cureus

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Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly observed in children. Although the etiology of ADHD is still unclear, many risk factors have been shown to increase the prevalence of ADHD, such as genetics, environmental factors, socioeconomic status, maternal smoking, and low birth weight. Aim: The current cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of several risk factors associated with ADHD-diagnosed children aged 4-17 years using parent-reported data. Methods: An observational cross-section study was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023 using a self-constructed questionnaire that we sent to parents whose children were diagnosed with ADHD. The questionnaire included socioeconomic information (income, gender, parent education, number of children), child information (age, ADHD type, academic achievement), pregnancy and neonatal period (smoking status, gestation age, mode of delivery, child weight), and if there is a history of ADHD in the family. Results: A total of 306 parents responded to the questionnaire. The majority of our study population was males (77.8%). The combined type, which includes symptoms of both hyperactivity and inattention, represented 70% of the population in our study, which is higher than the inattention type (23%) and the hyperactivity type (6%). The prevalence of several risk factors known to be associated with ADHD, such as family income, parental education, complications during pregnancy, and the low birth weight of the child, were also reported. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the frequency of risk factors among children diagnosed with ADHD in Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females. We also found that the combined type is the most diagnosed ADHD among children. Furthermore, there are no significant differences in the prevalence of the risk factors during the gestational or neonatal period among ADHD-diagnosed children. Therefore, a large-scale prospective study is needed to aid in evaluating the frequency and significance of various risk factors among diagnosed children

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“…The cognitive profile of Turner syndrome can vary widely, still it is often described with an overall intellectual ability within the normal range but with an uneven profile characterized by relative strengths in verbal functions compared to visuo-spatial abilities 6 – 8 . Other impairments commonly associated with Turner syndrome include impaired executive functions, such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attention 9 – 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced effects of social feedback on learning in Turner syndrome

Björlin Avdic,

Strannegård,

Engberg

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Turner syndrome is a genetic condition caused by a complete or partial loss of one of the X chromosomes. Previous studies indicate that Turner syndrome is associated with challenges in social skills, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. A possible mechanism is a reduced social influence on learning. The current study examined the impact of social and non-social feedback on learning in women with Turner syndrome (n = 35) and a sex- and age-matched control group (n = 37). Participants were instructed to earn points by repeatedly choosing between two stimuli with unequal probabilities of resulting in a reward. Mastering the task therefore required participants to learn through feedback which of the two stimuli was more likely to be rewarded. Data were analyzed using computational modeling and analyses of choice behavior. Social feedback led to a more explorative choice behavior in the control group, resulting in reduced learning compared to non-social feedback. No effects of social feedback on learning were found in Turner syndrome. The current study thus indicates that women with Turner syndrome may be less sensitive to social influences on reinforcement learning, than the general population.

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Effect of sex chromosome number variation on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, executive function, and processing speed

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter‐, cell type‐specific and chromosome‐ transcriptomic signatures

Cortical gradient perturbation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder correlates with neurotransmitter‐, cell type‐specific and chromosome‐ transcriptomic signatures

The Prevalence of Risk Factors Among Children Diagnosed With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Aged 4–17 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Reduced effects of social feedback on learning in Turner syndrome

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