Effect of sewage water on mineral nutritive potential of six fodder species grown under semiarid conditions

Abstract

Investigation was performed to assess the effect of different sewage water treatments on the metal status of different fodder species consumed by ruminants under semi-arid conditions. Five samples each of six fodder species viz., Trifolium alexandrinum, Cichorium intybus, Avena sativa, Medicago polymorpha, Brassica campestris and Medicago sativa were collected from three fields irrigated with canal water, mix water (canal water and sewage water) and sewage water, respectively. Fodder samples were analyzed to determine the Mg, Co and Zn concentrations in shoots. Higher values of these metals were found in fodder species irrigated with sewage water relatively. Mg and Zn concentrations in all the fodder species were found to be below the critical level among all treatments. Whereas, concentrations of Co in the different fodder species were significantly different (p < 0.05) and above the critical level. Consequently, ruminants feeding on these fodder species need continued mineral supplementation of Zn and Mg elements to prevent diseases caused by the deficiency of these elements, and to support optimum animal productivity.

Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals from Coastal Soil by Wild Halophytes

“…The samples were deep-frozen until analysis. The samples were dried in the oven at 70°C and sieved using 0.75 mm plastic sieve and digested for about two hours in a mixture of 3:2:1 HNO 3 , HCLO 4 and HF acids, respectively as described by Oregioni and Astone [29].…”

“…Food and fodder crops raised on metal contaminated soils have the tendency to accumulate excessive amounts of heavy metals, which poses severe risk to human and animal health [2,3]. Heavy metal contents in plants are dependent on soil, climatic factors, agrochemical application, irrigation water quality, plant growth rates and plant parts [4,5]. Although heavy metals like Cu, Cr and Co are vital for plant and animal metabolism, at levels above maximum permissible limits they disrupts the normal functioning of organisms [6,7].…”

Heavy metals bioaccumulation in Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) cultivated in areas under intensive agriculture, Punjab, India

“…Food and fodder crops raised on metal contaminated soils have the tendency to accumulate excessive amounts of heavy metals, which poses severe risk to human and animal health (Rattan et al 2005 ; Kulhari et al 2013 ). Heavy metal contents in fodder crops are dependent on soil, climatic factors, agrochemical application, irrigation water quality, plant growth rates and plant parts (Ahmad et al 2011 ). The heavy metal contents in agricultural soil are affected by cropping practices and soil properties (Dheri et al 2007 ; Endalamaw and Chandravanshi 2015 ).…”

Sewage effluent as an alternative source for irrigation: Impact on soil properties and heavy metalstatus

“…Prolonged irrigation of sewage water could be a potential environmental risk (Mapanda et al, 2005). It releases organic contaminants into soil and water (Wang et al, 2015), leaches metals into underlying aquifers, affecting the quality of drinking water (Lottermoser, 2012) and cause health risks due to pathogenic infestation (Ahmad et al, 2011;Chopra and Pathak, 2012;Minhas et al, 2015). Many farmers in developing countries irrigate crops using raw urban and industrial effluents.…”