Effect of <scp>D</scp>‐mannitol on nitrogen retention, fiber digestibility and digesta transit time in adult rabbits

Xiao, Min; Li, Xiao; Hiura, Shouko; Kawasaki, Kiyonori; Xiao, Jin; Sakaguchi, Ei

doi:10.1111/asj.12041

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, the transit times (passage times) of bamboo in the digestive system of giant panda is reported to be short (on an average 8–10 h) (Dierenfeld et al, 1982 ; Schaller et al, 1985 ). It was remarkably faster than those of common herbivores, e.g., Wapiti (about 51 h) (Jiang and Hudson, 1996 ) and rabbit (approximately 61 h) (Min et al, 2013 ). Since the transit time of the food has been reported as the most critical factor to regulate the efficiency of consumed food utilization (Kotb and Luckey, 1972 ), considering such a rapid transit time and gut structure of giant panda, it is not surprising that it has low microbial fermentation efficiency for bamboo diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Study Suggests That the Gut Microbiota of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) May Not Be Specialized for Fiber Fermentation

et al. 2018

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Bamboo-eating giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an enigmatic species, which possesses a carnivore-like short and simple gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Despite the remarkable studies on giant panda, its diet adaptability status continues to be a matter of debate. To resolve this puzzle, we investigated the functional potential of the giant panda gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples. We also compared our data with similar data from other animal species representing herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores from current and earlier studies. We found that the giant panda hosts a bear-like gut microbiota distinct from those of herbivores indicated by the metabolic potential of the microbiome in the gut of giant pandas and other mammals. Furthermore, the relative abundance of genes involved in cellulose- and hemicellulose-digestion, and enrichment of enzymes associated with pathways of amino acid degradation and biosynthetic reactions in giant pandas echoed a carnivore-like microbiome. Most significantly, the enzyme assay of the giant panda's feces indicated the lowest cellulase and xylanase activity among major herbivores, shown by an in-vitro experimental assay of enzyme activity for cellulose and hemicellulose-degradation. All of our results consistently indicate that the giant panda is not specialized to digest cellulose and hemicellulose from its bamboo diet, making the giant panda a good mammalian model to study the unusual link between the gut microbiome and diet. The increased food intake of the giant pandas might be a strategy to compensate for the gut microbiome functions, highlighting a strong need of conservation of the native bamboo forest both in high- and low-altitude ranges to meet the great demand of bamboo diet of giant pandas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Study Suggests That the Gut Microbiota of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) May Not Be Specialized for Fiber Fermentation

et al. 2018

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“…In a small number of studies, the researchers found that iS supplementation also have similar promoting effects on mineral bioavailability in rabbits and other rodents except of rats. Dietary mannitol increased ash digestibility in adult rabbits [ 125 , 126 ]. A research by Kawasaki et al [ 10 ] showed that dietary FOS resulted in significantly higher ash digestibility in guinea pigs when compared with dietary glucose.…”

Section: Effects On Nutrient Digestion Absorption and Systemic Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Function-Enhancing Properties and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Indigestible Sugars in Rodents and Rabbits

2015

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Indigestible sugars (iS) have received particular interest in food and nutrition research due to their prebiotic properties and other health benefits in humans and animals. The main aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding digestive and health-enhancing properties of iS such as sugar alcohols, oligosacharides, and polysaccharides, in rodents and rabbits. Besides ameliorating gut health, iS ingestion also elicits laxative effects and stimulate intestinal permeability and fluid secretions, thereby shortening digesta transit time and increasing stool mass and quality. In rodents and rabbits, as hindgut fermenters, consumption of iS leads to an improved nutrient digestibility, too. Cecal fermentation of iS reduces luminal pH and extends wall tissue facilitating absorption of key dietary minerals across hindgut. The microbial fermentation of iS also enhances excessive blood nitrogen (N) flowing into the cecum to be used as N source for bacterial growth, enhancing N retention in cecotrophic animals. This review also highlights the impact of iS on improving lipid metabolism, mainly by lowering cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the blood. The paper serves as an index of the current knowledge of iS effects in rodents and rabbits and also identifies gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed by future research.

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“…Taken together, D. melanogaster and its common microbes may be able to metabolize small amounts of mannitol, but likely not the amounts consumed in our experiment [48-51]. Mannitol may also slow down digestion [6], elevate carbohydrate ingestion to a detrimental degree [52], or have a dieuretic effect due to its slow absorption in the gut [53-54]. In flies, it is possible mannitol is transported into the hemolymph by aquaporins from the midgut [55], where it may lethally increase osmotic pressure like other sugar alcohols [56-57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mannitol produces a variety of gastrointestinal, reproductive, and survival effects when fed to other organisms [2,6-7]. Mannitol reduced survival and prevented adult female reproduction in Pimpla turionellae ichneumonid wasps [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannitol ingestion causes concentration-dependent, sex-specific mortality in adults of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Fiocca

Barrett

Waddell

et al. 2019

Preprint

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31Mannitol, a sugar alcohol used in commercial food products, induced sex-specific mortality in 32 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster when ingested at a single concentration (1M), and female 33 mortality was greater than male mortality. We hypothesized that sex differences in energy needs, 34 related to reproductive costs, contribute to increased mortality in females compared to males. To 35 test for the effects of reproductive costs, we compared longevity to 21 days of actively mating 36 and non-mating flies fed various concentrations of mannitol. We also asked whether mannitol-37 induced mortality was concentration-dependent for both males and females, and if mannitol's 38 sex-specific effects were consistent across concentrations. Females and males both showed 39 concentration-dependent increases in mortality, but female mortality was consistently higher at 40 all concentrations above 0.75M. Fly longevity to 21 days decreased further for both sexes when 41 housed in mixed sex vials (as compared to single sex vials), suggesting the increased energetic 42 demands of reproduction for both sexes may increase ingestion of mannitol. Mannitol fed to 43 larvae did not alter emerging adult sex ratios, suggesting that sex-specific mortality due to 44 mannitol occurs only in adults. 45Introduction 46 D-mannitol (henceforth mannitol) is a 6-carbon polyol produced via microbial 47 fermentation, particularly by yeasts, and is the most common naturally-occurring polyol in plants 48 and fungi [1][2][3][4]. Mannitol is commonly used as a sweet additive in consumer products as it is 49 only partially absorbed in the human small intestine without increasing insulin secretion or blood 50 glucose [1,5]. 3 51 Mannitol produces a variety of gastrointestinal, reproductive, and survival effects when 52 fed to other organisms [2,6-7]. Mannitol reduced survival and prevented adult female 53 reproduction in Pimpla turionellae ichneumonid wasps [7]. In contrast, mannitol stimulated 54 feeding behavior at low doses (72.6mM) in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) and 55 increased the longevity of females in comparison to males [8-9]. In contrast, adult female 56Drosophila melanogaster fed 1M mannitol food showed significantly decreased longevity over a 57 seventeen-day trial in comparison to males [10]. 58 We hypothesized that the sex-specific effects of mannitol in D. melanogaster could be 59 caused by differing energetic demands between males and females. Oogenesis requires greater 60 protein intake [11][12], leading females to eat more food, more frequently [13][14]. Sex-specific 61 differences in survival between males and females could be due to differences in ingestion that 62 increase self-dosing of mannitol in females. To test this hypothesis, first we assessed if mortality 63 was concentration dependent in both males and females, suggesting dose-dependency, and if sex-64 specific differences in survival were consistent across concentrations. Next, we assessed if flies 65 differed in survival when cultured in sing...

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Effect of D‐mannitol on nitrogen retention, fiber digestibility and digesta transit time in adult rabbits

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Metagenomic Study Suggests That the Gut Microbiota of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) May Not Be Specialized for Fiber Fermentation

Metagenomic Study Suggests That the Gut Microbiota of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) May Not Be Specialized for Fiber Fermentation

Gut Function-Enhancing Properties and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Indigestible Sugars in Rodents and Rabbits

Mannitol ingestion causes concentration-dependent, sex-specific mortality in adults of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

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