Effect of scan rotation on the microstructure development and mechanical properties of 316L parts produced by laser powder bed fusion

Leicht, Alexander; Yu, Cheng-Han; Luzin, Vladimir; Klement, Uta; Hryha, Eduard

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110309

Cited by 75 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, samples produced with no rotation had the highest tensile strength but lowest hardness, showing anisotropy (Leicht et al 2020). Similar observations were made by Wan et al and Liu et al that showed that samples produced with no scan rotation are stronger than samples that used 90 o scan rotation despite no difference in parts porosity (Wan et al 2019;.…”

Section: Scanning Strategiessupporting

confidence: 81%

Laser powder bed fusion for metal additive manufacturing: perspectives on recent developments

Sing

Yeong

2020

Virtual and Physical Prototyping

241

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While significant progress has been made in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) for metal additive manufacturing (AM), there is still limited large scale adoption of this advanced manufacturing technique by the industry. This paper covers the recent developments in L-PBF with discussions from the materials and process perspectives. High entropy alloys and high strength aluminum alloys have been identified as key materials development for L-PBF. Then, scanning strategies and multi-lasers applications for the process are also discussed. Other research trends and topics such as powder recycling, shape memory alloys and magnetic alloys are illustrated. The final part of this paper provides an outlook on the recent advancements while suggesting potential research topics for L-PBF.

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Section: Scanning Strategiessupporting

confidence: 81%

Laser powder bed fusion for metal additive manufacturing: perspectives on recent developments

Sing

Yeong

2020

Virtual and Physical Prototyping

241

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“…[18,19] However, phase transformation was not observed during the tensile test of SLM 304L in other studies. [17,20] Currently, the studies of SLM 304L and SLM 316L include their printability, parameter optimization, and proces-singÀmicrostructureÀproperty relationship, [16,17,21,22] but no comparative study between the two steels has ever been carried out. The two stainless steels have similar chemical compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting of 304L and 316L Stainless Steels: A Comparative Study of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Zhai

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Among various types of stainless steel, 304L and 316L have the most engineering applications. Herein, 304L and 316L powders with similar size distributions and morphologies are used as raw materials for selective laser melting (SLM) using the same parameters. It is found that SLM 304L has two phases, γ-austenite (%95%) and δ-ferrite (%5%) phases, while SLM 316L contains only γ-austenite phase. The average grain size is found to be 4.9 μm (average grain size of γ-austenite phase: 5.0 μm; δ-ferrite: 3.4 μm) for SLM 304L and 16.7 μm for SLM 316L. The small grain size of 304L is attributed to the peritectic reaction during solidification. δ-ferrite acts as a heterogeneous nucleation site for γ-austenite. SLM 316L has higher hardness and yield strength than 304L. Results obtained from the comparative study indicate that adding ferrite stabilizer elements (e.g., Cr, Mo, Si, Nb, or Ti) into 316L can lead to peritectic reaction or austenite to ferrite solid phase transformation, which is a possible approach for grain refinement.

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“…The penetration diameter, penetration depth, and indented volume of 316L decreased from around 1700 µm, 500 µm, and 3.2 mm 3 for uncoated sample to around 1500 µm, 300 µm, and 1.4 mm 3 for the sample with TiAlN coating subjected to the multiple impact test, respectively, as shown in Figure 8D. Various process parameters (for example, scan rotation) on microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel 316L made by L-PBF are highly effective (regardless of the density) [33]. Also, at constant laser speed, laser power has an essential role in porosity so that number of pores rises with the reduction of laser power [34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Impact Resistance of Highly Densified Metal Alloys Manufactured from Gas-Atomized Pre-Alloyed Powders

2021

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With the increasing acceleration of three-dimensional (3D) printing (for example, powder bed fusion (PBF)) of metal alloys as an additive manufacturing process, a comprehensive characterization of 3D-printed materials and structures is inevitable. The purpose of this work was to test highly densified materials produced from gas-atomized pre-alloyed metallic powders, namely 316L, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, CuNi2SiCr, CoCr28Mo6, and Inconel718, under impact conditions. This was done to demonstrate the best possible performance of such materials. Optimized spark plasma sintering (SPS) parameters (pressure, temperature, heating rate, and holding time) are applied as a novel technique of powder metallurgy. The densification level, impact site (imprint) diameter and volume, and Vickers hardness were studied. The comparison of 316L stainless steel (1) sintered by the SPS process, (2) manufactured by PBF process, and (3) coated by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process (thin layer of TiAlN) was successfully achieved.

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Effect of scan rotation on the microstructure development and mechanical properties of 316L parts produced by laser powder bed fusion

Cited by 75 publications

References 23 publications

Laser powder bed fusion for metal additive manufacturing: perspectives on recent developments

Laser powder bed fusion for metal additive manufacturing: perspectives on recent developments

Selective Laser Melting of 304L and 316L Stainless Steels: A Comparative Study of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

The Impact Resistance of Highly Densified Metal Alloys Manufactured from Gas-Atomized Pre-Alloyed Powders

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