Selective Laser Melting of 304L and 316L Stainless Steels: A Comparative Study of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Zhai, Wengang; Zhou, Wei; Zhu, Ze‐Lin; Mui, Sharon; Nai, Ling

doi:10.1002/srin.202100664

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…The SLM technique is today applicable to many different metallic materials, e.g. titanium Ti-6Al-4V [22], stainless steel 304, 316L and 17-4 PH [23,24,25], nickelbased superalloy Inconel 625, 718 and 939 [26,16,27], as well as Haynes 230 [28], and Hastelloy X [29].…”

Section: Selective Laser Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue life prediction of additively manufactured ductile nickel-based superalloys : Constitutive and crack initiation modelling

Lindström

2022

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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The first part of the research project, which resulted in the Paper I, Paper II and Paper III, has been funded by the Swedish Energy Agency and Siemens Energy AB (formerly Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB) through the research programme Turbines for Future Energy Systems (Turbiner för framtidens energisystem), the support of which is gratefully acknowledged. The remaining part of the project, resulting in Paper IV and Paper V, has been funded by Linköping University and Siemens Energy AB. First and foremost, I would like to thank my main supervisor Associate Prof. Daniel Leidermark for your patience, encouragement and enthusiasm, and for always taking time for discussions, guidance, or anything I have on my mind. Special thanks goes also to Lic. Eng. Daniel Nilsson for all support you have provided me with regarding testing, application near questions, and for making it possible for at least some of our work to be used in "reality". I would also like to thank my research group; Prof. Kjell Simonsson, Dr. Jan-Erik Lundgren and Associate Prof. Robert Eriksson for your valuable input and support through the project.In addition, I would like to thank all Ph.D. colleagues at the Division of Solid Mechanics for, most importantly, making the Ph.D. studies a lot more fun, but also for all valuable discussions. A special thanks goes to my office mate Jordi for all your help, both at office and outside of work.Last, but not least, I would like to thank my girlfriend Ida for all your support. As we started our Ph.D. journeys almost at the same time, it has been invaluable to have someone to discuss things with at any time. However, most importantly, thank you for making my time outside work much more joyful.

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Section: Selective Laser Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue life prediction of additively manufactured ductile nickel-based superalloys : Constitutive and crack initiation modelling

Lindström

2022

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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“…Laser beam powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most widely used and researched metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and belongs to the powder bed melting technology, which is based on the principle of using a high-energy laser beam to melt a metal powder bed layer by layer to create solid parts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. L-PBF technology is widely used in automobile manufacturing [10], aerospace [11,12], and medical industries [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Scanning Strategies and Optimization Experiments for Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloys

Shi¹,

Li²,

Jing³

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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This paper studies the effects of different combinations of scanning strategies between layers on the surface quality, tensile properties, and microstructure of samples in a laser beam powder bed fusion (L-PBF) formation experiment of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The purpose of this experiment was to improve the comprehensive performance of the piece by selecting the optimal combination of scanning strategies. The results show that the surface roughness of the L-PBF specimen was the lowest under the combination of the CHESS scanning strategy, reaching 14 μm. The surface hardness of the samples was generally higher with the LINE scanning strategy and the angle offset of 90°, reaching 409 HV. The overall density of the samples was higher under the combination of CHESS scanning strategies, reaching 99.88%. Among them, the CHESS&45° sample had the best comprehensive properties, with a density of 99.85%, a tensile strength of up to 1125 MPa, a yield strength of 912 MPa, and an elongation of 8.2%. The fractured form was a ductile fracture, with many dimple structures. Compared with the CHESS scanning strategy, the tensile properties of the CHESS&45° samples were improved by 12.8%. The microstructure of the L-PBF sample was mainly composed of the primary β phase and α’ martensite phase. The upper surface of the CHESS scanning strategy combination sample had a clear melt channel, and the distribution of each phase was uniform. A certain number of columnar β crystals were distributed in the longitudinal section of the sample, which was paralleled to the build direction. The columnar β crystals of CHESS&45° were relatively coarse, which enhanced the tensile properties of the sample.

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“…Stainless steel 316L has been the subject of many studies since the dawn of SLM [ 14 ]. The ease of production associated with the low carbon content, no phase transformation (austenitic matrix) in the SLM process, and good mechanical properties make it a standard material in SLM [ 15 , 16 ], and it was used as a standard stainless steel in this study. SS 630 studies have been growing in the last few years due to its excellent mechanical properties [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels

Gatões

Alves

et al. 2022

Materials

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been evolving in response to industrial and social challenges. However, new materials are hindered in these technologies due to the complexity of direct additive manufacturing technologies, particularly selective laser melting (SLM). Stainless steel (SS) 316L, due to its very low carbon content, has been used as a standard powder in SLM, highlighting the role of alloying elements present in steels. However, reliable research on the chemical impact of carbon content in steel alloys has been rarely conducted, despite being the most prevalent element in steel. Considering the temperatures involved in the SLM process, the laser–powder interaction can lead to a significant carbon decrease, whatever the processing atmosphere. In the present study, four stainless steels with increasing carbon content—AISI 316L, 630 (17-4PH), 420 and 440C—were processed under the same SLM parameters. In addition to roughness and surface topography, the relationship with the microstructure (including grain size and orientation), defects and mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) were established, highlighting the role of carbon. It was shown that the production by SLM of stainless steels with similar packing densities and different carbon contents does not oblige the changing of processing parameters. Moreover, alterations in material response in stainless steels produced under the same volumetric energy density mainly result from microstructural evolution during the process.

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Selective Laser Melting of 304L and 316L Stainless Steels: A Comparative Study of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Fatigue life prediction of additively manufactured ductile nickel-based superalloys : Constitutive and crack initiation modelling

Fatigue life prediction of additively manufactured ductile nickel-based superalloys : Constitutive and crack initiation modelling

Combination of Scanning Strategies and Optimization Experiments for Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloys

Selective Laser Melting and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels

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