Effect of scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review

Eshghipour, Baharak; Tofighi, Hamid; Nehal, Faham; Vohra, Fahim; Javed, Fawad; Akram, Zohaib

doi:10.1111/jicd.12327

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Cytokines, GCF, SRP, vaping, and CP https://jpis.org the progression of CP and the clinicoradiographic periodontal inflammatory parameters in susceptible patient groups. Since SRP is known to significantly reduce the clinical parameters of periodontal inflammation (such as PD and GI) [1,10], levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines are also expected to become elevated in the GCF following the mechanical debridement of teeth and root surfaces. Nevertheless, nicotine compromises healing following surgical treatment and NSPT [21,22]; therefore, the authors of the present study hypothesized that improvements in PI, GI, CAL, PD, and MBL and levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13 in the GCF would be compromised in electronic cigarette users compared to non-smokers after SRP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathophysiologically, studies [4][5][6] have primarily focused on the influence of SRP on the expression of destructive inflammatory cytokines in bodily fluids, including unstimulated whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) [7][8][9]. For instance, abundant evidence has shown that SRP reduces the expression of inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1-beta, and IL-6 in the GCF, improving the clinical periodontal status of patients with CP [7,8,10,11]. The habitual use of nicotine-containing products, such as cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems, and electronic cigarettes, is a known risk factor that contributes to the etiopathogenesis of CP by enhancing the expression of destructive inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the GCF of smokers compared with non-smokers [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis

Al-Hamoudi

Alsahhaf

Deeb

et al. 2020

J Periodontal Implant Sci

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis

Al-Hamoudi

Alsahhaf

Deeb

et al. 2020

J Periodontal Implant Sci

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“…14 It plays a significant role in inflammation and periodontal destruction in periodontitis. 15 IL-17 seems to have a…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Level of Interleukin-17 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Kalate¹,

Gholami²,

Alijani³

et al. 2018

World Journal of Dentistry

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Aim: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in inflammation and tissue destruction in periodontal disease. This study aimed to assess the level of IL-17 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy controls. Materials and methods:This case-control study was performed on 30 patients with CP (53% males, 47% females, mean age of 37.2 ± 5.95 years) and 30 healthy controls (53% males, 47% females, mean age of 30.63 ± 5.22 years). The GCF was collected using paper points. A paper point was inserted into the pocket and remained there for 30 seconds. It was then placed in a sterile tube containing 300 µL of phosphate buffered saline and stored at -70° C. Level of IL-17 was measured using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The level of IL-17 was compared between the two groups using independent sample t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Results:The mean GCF level of IL-17 was 53.46 pg/L in CP patients and 38.1 pg/L in healthy controls. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.025). Conclusion:The CP patients had significantly higher GCF level of IL-17 compared to healthy controls. Clinical significance:The finding of this study highlight the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Within the limitations of the present study, it may be suggested that measurement of GCF level of IL-17 can serve as a bioindicator of periodontal destruction and gingival inflammation.

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“…It is well recognized that confounding factors, such as obesity and smoking status, significantly affect periodontal treatment outcomes . Obesity has been linked with excessive formation and build‐up of advanced glycation end‐products in body tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How effective is adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in treating deep periodontal pockets in periodontal disease? A systematic review

Akram

2018

J of Invest & Clin Dent

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The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) that is used as an adjunctive therapy with scaling and root planing (SRP) in deep periodontal pockets (≥5 mm). The addressed Patients, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design question was: In patients with advanced periodontitis (population), what is the effect of aPDT as adjunct to SRP (intervention) in comparison to SRP alone (comparison) on deep probing depths (outcome)? Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, up to and including February 2018. Six randomized trials were included. All studies used the combined approach aPDT+SRP and SRP in the test and control groups, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 48 weeks. Wavelengths, power density, and duration of irradiation used were 670 nm, 500 mW cm , and 60 seconds, respectively. All studies showed significant reduction of probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm with aPDT at follow up. Considering the effects of adjunctive aPDT compared to SRP, only two studies showed additional benefit of adjunctive aPDT in reducing PD ≥5 mm compared to SRP alone at follow up. The overall mean difference for PD reduction (weighted mean difference = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.03 to -0.66, P = .08) was also not significant between the aPDT and SRP groups at follow up. Whether aPDT as an adjunct to SRP is efficacious in the reduction of PD ≥5 mm compared to SRP alone in periodontal disease remains debatable, given that the available scientific evidence is weak.

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Effect of scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis

Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis

Level of Interleukin-17 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

How effective is adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in treating deep periodontal pockets in periodontal disease? A systematic review

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