Effect of Salts of Heavy Metals on Development of the Sea Urchin, Arbacia Punctulata

Waterman, A. J.

doi:10.2307/1537604

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar ranges of sensitivity to mercury, copper and other metals during embryogenesis of different species of sea urchins and oysters tested are reported in the literature (Waterman, 1937;Okubo & Okubo, 1962;Calabrese et al, 1973;Kobayashi, 1981;Martin et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Invertebrate bioassays with North Sea water samples. I. Structural effects on embryos and larvae of serpulids, oysters and sea urchins

Klöckner

Rosenthal

Willführ

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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Structural effects of bottom and surface water samples from two dumping grounds in the inner German Bight on the development of three meroplanktonic organisms (Pomatoceros triqueter: Polychaeta, Psammechinus miliaris: Echinodermata and Crassostrea gigas, Mollusca) were investigated. The titaniumdioxide dumping site was sampled immediately after dumping (within the visible waste trail 1 km behind the vessel), and 10 h after dumping. Samples were taken in the sewage sludge deposition area in the intervals between the usual dumping activities, regardless of the exact dumping schedule. The preserved bioassay test organisms were inspected microscopically to count percentages of "normal" larval hatch in test water samples, reference water samples and laboratory aged control water samples (5 to 10 replicates). The relative water quality at various dumping sites was expressed in terms of "net risk--values (Woelke, 1972) compared to hatching rates observed in the controls. Larval development of P. triqueter was significantly suppressed (up to -22 % "net risk") in trail water of the titanium dioxide dump site while the development of sea urchin larvae was still affected in the 10 h surface samples. Hatching of all test organisms in bottom-water samples from the centre of the sewage sludge dump site was affected to different degrees when compared to reference areas about 4 km north or 6 km northwest of the dumping area. The general usefulness of standardized bioassay procedures in pollution monitoring programmes is discussed. The results presented here call for further verification to minimize experimental background variability and to enlarge the catalogue of suitable effects criteria. INTRODUCTIO~

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Invertebrate bioassays with North Sea water samples. I. Structural effects on embryos and larvae of serpulids, oysters and sea urchins

Klöckner

Rosenthal

Willführ

1985

Helgolander Meeresunters

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“…The fertilization defined by the formation of fertilization membrane, cell division, gastrulation and many other developmental phenomena of sea urchin eggs are wrongly affected by various heavy metals, resulting in the occurrences of polyspermy and exogastrulation as already reported by various researchers (MAcARTHUR 1924, WATERMAN 1937, SuGIYAMA 1950. These features are seemingly available as actual indicators in bioassay to measure the degree of marine pollution and to learn the effects of pollution on the reproduction of marine organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…On the other hand, there have been made many experiments with various heavy metals to induce such anomalies, in the fertilization and further development of urchin eggs, as polyspermy (Sumv AMA 1950, etc. ) and exogastrulation (McARTHUR 1924, WATERMAN 1937: in addition to these, inhibition of fertilization and further cleavages, and permanent blastula etc. are induced by some heavy metals.…”

Section: Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilized Sea Urchin Eggs as an Indicatory Material for Marine Pollution Bioassay, Preliminary Experiments

Kobayashi¹

1971

Publ. SMBL

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“…It has already been reported by many researchers (Waterman 1937, Wilson and Armstrong 1951-1961, Bernhard 1957, Okubo and Okubo 1962, Soyer 1963, Bougis 1961-1967, Hagstrom and Lonning 1973and Heslinga 1976) that the polluted sea water affects the pluteus formation in various sea urchins. Especially, Heslinga (1976) reports that the pluteus process appears to be very sensitive and therefore may be best suited to assess the stress by pollution in Echinometra.…”

Section: I I Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Preliminary Experiments With Sea Urchin Pluteus and Metamorphosis in Marine Pollution Bioassay

Kobayashi¹

1977

Publ. SMBL

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Effect of Salts of Heavy Metals on Development of the Sea Urchin, Arbacia Punctulata

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Invertebrate bioassays with North Sea water samples. I. Structural effects on embryos and larvae of serpulids, oysters and sea urchins

Invertebrate bioassays with North Sea water samples. I. Structural effects on embryos and larvae of serpulids, oysters and sea urchins

Fertilized Sea Urchin Eggs as an Indicatory Material for Marine Pollution Bioassay, Preliminary Experiments

Preliminary Experiments With Sea Urchin Pluteus and Metamorphosis in Marine Pollution Bioassay

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