Effect of salt stress on growth and physiology in amaranth and lettuce: Implications for bioregenerative life support system

Qin, Lifeng; Guo, Sen; Ai, Weidang; Tang, Yongkang; Cheng, Quanyong; Chen, Guang

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.025

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results suggest that F v / F m is not a robust indicator of the performance of lettuce under salt stress, possibly because growth may be more sensitive to the osmotic component of salt stress than photochemical efficiency (Munns and Tester, 2008). The impact of stress on F v / F m is strongly linked to the severity of the stress, as its value has been observed to gradually decrease with increasing concentrations of NaCl applied (Bartha et al, 2010; Qin et al, 2013); potentially due to tissue damage from salt rather than an osmotic effect. Therefore, higher concentrations of NaCl, or a longer exposure to the salinity would likely yield different results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

2016

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Rapid development of plants is important for the production of ‘baby-leaf’ lettuce that is harvested when plants reach the four- to eight-leaf stage of growth. However, environmental factors, such as high or low temperature, or elevated concentrations of salt, inhibit lettuce growth. Therefore, non-destructive evaluations of plants can provide valuable information to breeders and growers. The objective of the present study was to test the feasibility of using non-destructive phenotyping with optical sensors for the evaluations of lettuce plants in early stages of development. We performed the series of experiments to determine if hyperspectral imaging and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can determine phenotypic changes manifested on lettuce plants subjected to the extreme temperature and salinity stress treatments. Our results indicate that top view optical sensors alone can accurately determine plant size to approximately 7 g fresh weight. Hyperspectral imaging analysis was able to detect changes in the total chlorophyll (RCC) and anthocyanin (RAC) content, while chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed photoinhibition and reduction of plant growth caused by the extreme growing temperatures (3 and 39°C) and salinity (100 mM NaCl). Though no significant correlation was found between Fv/Fm and decrease in plant growth due to stress when comparisons were made across multiple accessions, our results indicate that lettuce plants have a high adaptability to both low (3°C) and high (39°C) temperatures, with no permanent damage to photosynthetic apparatus and fast recovery of plants after moving them to the optimal (21°C) temperature. We have also detected a strong relationship between visual rating of the green- and red-leaf color intensity and RCC and RAC, respectively. Differences in RAC among accessions suggest that the selection for intense red color may be easier to perform at somewhat lower than the optimal temperature. This study serves as a proof of concept that optical sensors can be successfully used as tools for breeders when evaluating young lettuce plants. Moreover, we were able to identify the locus for light green leaf color (qLG4), and position this locus on the molecular linkage map of lettuce, which shows that these techniques have sufficient resolution to be used in a genetic context in lettuce.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

2016

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“…Salinity can either decrease or have no effect on Fv/Fm, depending on the species considered. Qin et al (2013) for example, found that Amaranthus tricolor displayed high salt tolerance in terms of above-ground biomass output, leaf photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and photosynthetic pigment contents. However, Fv/Fm measures only the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and therefore only gives an indication of the maximum quantum yield, which is the maximum efficiency at which light is absorbed by light-harvesting antennae chlorophyll of PSII and converted to chemical energy (Baker and Rosenqvist, 2004).…”

Section: Seedling Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of greywater irrigation on germination, growth and photosynthetic characteristics in selected African leafy vegetables

Lubbe¹,

Rodda²,

Sershen³

2016

WSA

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The reuse of greywater, wastewater from sources other than toilets, could enable low-income households to save potable water for drinking and cooking. Greywater irrigation of food crops is widely practised but its effects on African leafy vegetables (ALVs), which hold potential for cultivation to improve food security, are unknown. This study investigated the effects of synthetic greywater irrigation on germination in three ALVs, viz., Amaranthus dubius, Cleome gynandra and Solanum nigrum, and subsequent seedling growth in A. dubius and S. nigrum. Seeds and seedlings were treated with chlorinated and dechlorinated greywater and tap water, supplemented with nutrients. Greywater application decreased germination capacity (by 23-25%) when assessed in Petri dishes in A. dubius only. However, greywater application was less harmful to A. dubius seeds sown in soil. Vigour was compromised in greywater-treated seeds of all three species but greywater can be used to irrigate freshly-sown seeds of A. dubius without reducing percentage seedling production. However, greywater irrigation reduced capacity (by 21-23%) and rate of shoot emergence in S. nigrum, and growth and chlorophyll content in both species. These negative effects were accompanied by increased soil electrical conductivity (after 21 d) and pH (after 14 d). The reduced growth under greywater irrigation was most likely based on a reduction in light-harvesting capacity and/or nutrient availability. Overall, S. nigrum seedlings were significantly more sensitive to the negative effects of greywater, possibly due to increased transpirational water loss under greywater irrigation. The effects of greywater were largely independent of chlorine content. Applying greywater in excess of plant requirements and/or alternating greywater irrigation events with freshwater watering events could promote leaching of salts found in greywater. The effects of greywater irrigation on soil water and nutrient availability demand further investigation for ALVs.

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“…In Benin, amaranth species are extensively cultivated on the arable lands from costal zones where availability of goodquality water and salinity pose serious threats (Wouyou et al, 2016;2017). Previous studies showed that NaCl concentrations ranging from 30 to 200 mM reduce aerial and root parts growth in different genotypes of amaranth including cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus (Makus, 2003;Omami and Hammes, 2005;Ornami and Hammes, 2006;Qin et al, 2013;Amukali et al, 2015;Lavini et al, 2016;Wouyou et al, 2017). However, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in such a growth reduction remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of salinity stress on growth in relation to gas exchanges parameters and water status in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus)

Gandonou¹,

Prodjinoto²,

Zanklan³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Plant Physiol. Biochem.

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Salinity is a major detrimental abiotic factor for plant growth. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different NaCl concentrations on growth and some physiological parameters related to gas exchanges and water relations in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) plants. Three weeks old amaranth plants from the cultivar 'Locale' were exposed in nutrient solution to 0, 30 or 90 mM NaCl (electrical conductivities of 1.915; 4.815 and 11.70 dS.m -1 respectively) in phytotron conditions. Shoot elongation as well as fresh and dry masses of shoot and root were determined after two weeks of stress exposure. Net photosynthesis (A), intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic potential (Ψs) as well as the efficiency of the instantaneous carboxylation (A/Ci), intrinsic (A/gs) and instantaneous (A/E) water use efficiency were estimated. Results reveal that salt stress induced a significant reduction in growth of aerial part as well as net photosynthesis, instantaneous transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf and root osmotic potentials. In contrast, no significant reductions were recorded for root growth, shoot water content, intercellular CO 2 concentration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. However, a significant increase was observed for intrinsic (A/gs) and instantaneous (A/E) water use efficiency. The plant growth reduction observed hinges upon a drop in photosynthetic activity due mainly to stomatal closure. These data suggest that photosynthetic activity may be used as a reliable criterion for physiological estimation of salt-tolerance in A. cruentus cultivars.

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Effect of salt stress on growth and physiology in amaranth and lettuce: Implications for bioregenerative life support system

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

Effects of greywater irrigation on germination, growth and photosynthetic characteristics in selected African leafy vegetables

Effects of salinity stress on growth in relation to gas exchanges parameters and water status in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus)

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