Effect of salinity change on free amino acid content in Pacific oyster

Hosoi, Masatomi; Kubota, Satoshi; Toyohara, Masako; Toyohara, Haruhiko; Hayashi, Isao

doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2003.00634.x

Cited by 123 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Adult bivalves have been observed to present rather slow rates of taurine synthesis, at least insufficient to explain the high amounts encountered in their tissues (Bishop et al 1983) which in turn has suggested that individuals must acquire taurine per se from dietary sources (Hosoi et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of taurine concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis as a function of body size and specific tissue

Babarro

Reiriz

2006

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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Variability of the free amino acid taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) was studied according to increasing size of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and its tissue-specificity.Isometric and/or allometric relationships were established for the different tissue's weights with regard to total soft mass values of the mussels within an experimental range of 20-60 mm shell length. Relative amount of taurine dropped significantly with increasing size of mussels (whole soft tissues) according to allometric function with a slope value of approx. -0.155. Furthermore, the latter inverse relationship between taurine and increasing size was specifically confirmed for gill epithelium and labial palps tissues. Relative amounts of taurine in digestive gland, mantle and foot remained unchanged with increasing size of mussels. Weight values of those tissues in which relative taurine concentrations significantly dropped (gill epithelium and labial palps) or increased (pam) with increasing size of individuals were characterised by isometric relationships with the total soft mass (TSM) values (slope approx. 1) and therefore, represented similar percentage values regardless increasing size of individuals i.e. 16% (gill epithelium), 1.9% (labial palp) and 8.4% (pam) of TSM. The increment in the area of the epithelium together with the most likely functionality of the sulphur-containing amino acid taurine in the production of sulphonated mucopolysaccharides associated to both mucus-producers gill epithelium and labial palps are suggested to be the cause of the relative taurine drop with increasing size of the mussels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of taurine concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis as a function of body size and specific tissue

Babarro

Reiriz

2006

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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“…Thus, inhibition of lipid biosynthesis appears to be a less likely explanation of the reduced lipid content in oysters maintained under low salinity conditions. Acclimation to low salinity led to a shift in the metabolic profile in oysters, notably to a strong reduction in the levels of betaine and alanine (by approximately 70 and 40%, respectively), consistent with their role as major osmolytes in bivalves (Powell et al, 1982;Neufeld and Wright, 1996;Hosoi et al, 2003). In contrast, elevated P CO2 had no effect on the metabolite profile in whole bodies of oyster juveniles in this study except for the lower acetate content of tissues from hypercapnic juveniles compared with their normocapnic counterparts at a salinity of 15.…”

Section: Effects Of P Co2 and Salinity On Energy Homeostasis Of Juvenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters,Crassostrea virginica

Dickinson

Ivanina

Matoo

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

225

145

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SUMMARYRising levels of atmospheric CO 2 lead to acidification of the ocean and alter seawater carbonate chemistry, which can negatively impact calcifying organisms, including mollusks. In estuaries, exposure to elevated CO 2 levels often co-occurs with other stressors, such as reduced salinity, which enhances the acidification trend, affects ion and acid-base regulation of estuarine calcifiers and modifies their response to ocean acidification. We studied the interactive effects of salinity and partial pressure of CO 2 (P CO2 ) on biomineralization and energy homeostasis in juveniles of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, a common estuarine bivalve. Juveniles were exposed for 11weeks to one of two environmentally relevant salinities (30 or 15PSU) either at current atmospheric P CO2 (~400atm, normocapnia) or P CO2 projected by moderate IPCC scenarios for the year 2100 (~700-800atm, hypercapnia). Exposure of the juvenile oysters to elevated P CO2 and/or low salinity led to a significant increase in mortality, reduction of tissue energy stores (glycogen and lipid) and negative soft tissue growth, indicating energy deficiency. Interestingly, tissue ATP levels were not affected by exposure to changing salinity and P CO2, suggesting that juvenile oysters maintain their cellular energy status at the expense of lipid and glycogen stores. At the same time, no compensatory upregulation of carbonic anhydrase activity was found under the conditions of low salinity and high P CO2 . Metabolic profiling using magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed altered metabolite status following low salinity exposure; specifically, acetate levels were lower in hypercapnic than in normocapnic individuals at low salinity. Combined exposure to hypercapnia and low salinity negatively affected mechanical properties of shells of the juveniles, resulting in reduced hardness and fracture resistance. Thus, our data suggest that the combined effects of elevated P CO2 and fluctuating salinity may jeopardize the survival of eastern oysters because of weakening of their shells and increased energy consumption.

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“…Many papers have reported on the biological and ecological aspects, and have gradually determined the chemical components in the oyster tissues, such as glycogen 3 and amino acids 4 . However, there is as yet little comparative study of C. gigas under the different environmental conditions between the two countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Levels of Icosapentaenoic Acid in the Lipids of Oyster Crassostrea gigas Ranging over Both Japan and France

Saito¹,

Marty²

2010

J. Oleo Sci.

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The lipid and fatty acids of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, collected both in Japan and France, were analyzed. Triacylglycerols and sterols were the major classes in the neutral lipids of both populations of C. gigas between the two countries, and they had signifi cant levels of phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine) with ceramideaminoethylphosphonate in their polar tissue lipids. The differences of 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) levels in the depot triacylglycerols suggest the infl uence of dietary phytoplankton in different environments of the two countries. Although the levels of the fatty acids slightly differed, that of 20:5n-3 (icosapentaenoic acid; EPA, 20.5-24.8%) in the triacylglycerols was specifi cally the highest fatty acid in all the samples. The major polyunsaturated fatty acids in the polar lipids of all samples were EPA (13.2-17.8% for phosphatidylethanolamine and 13.4-22.7% for phosphatidylcholine) and DHA (18.9-26.8% for phosphatidylethanolamine and 13.1-22.5% for phosphatidylcholine). The fl uctuation of total PUFA levels in the polar lipids between samples of both countries suggests the infl uence of diet. In addition, the consistently high EPA levels in the phospholipids may compensate for the variation in DHA levels.

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Effect of salinity change on free amino acid content in Pacific oyster

Cited by 123 publications

References 12 publications

Variability of taurine concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis as a function of body size and specific tissue

Variability of taurine concentrations in Mytilus galloprovincialis as a function of body size and specific tissue

Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters,Crassostrea virginica

High Levels of Icosapentaenoic Acid in the Lipids of Oyster Crassostrea gigas Ranging over Both Japan and France

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