Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii Supplementation on Performance and Physiological Traits of Holstein Calves under Heat Stress Conditions

Roh

et al. 2020

Animals

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HS on HSPs gene expression in bovine PBMCs of beef calves in in vitro and in vivo models. In the in vitro experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of five beef calves (age: 174.2 ± 5.20 days, BW: 145.2 ± 5.21 kg). In the in vivo experiment, sixteen Korean native male beef calves (age: 169.6 ± 4.60 days, BW: 136.9 ± 6.23 kg) were exposed to ambient temperature for seven days (22 to 24 °C, relative humidity 60%; temperature–humidity index (THI) = 68 to 70) and subsequently to the temperature and humidity corresponding to the target THI level for 21 days (HS). For PBMC isolation, blood samples were collected every three days. In the in vitro model, the cell viability was significantly decreased in HS groups compared with the control group (p = 0.015). The expression of HSP70 (p = 0.022), HSP90 (p = 0.003) and HSPB1 (p = 0.026) genes was increased in the HS group in in vitro model. In the in vivo experiment, the HSP70 gene expression was increased after sudden exposure to HS conditions (severe THI levels; THI = 88 to 90), whereas HSP90 and HSPB1 showed no differences among the THI groups (p > 0.05). However, in the severe THI group, the HSP70 gene expression returned to normal range after six days of continuous HS. In conclusion, the HSP70 gene plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from damage and is sensitive to HS in immune cells compared with other HSP genes in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, the in vivo models suggest that calves exhibit active physiological mechanisms of adaptation to HS after six days of continuous exposure by regulating the HSP70 gene expression.

“…Beef calves are sensitive to HS, which affects their feed intake and growth performance [24,25]. Moreover, HS also damages calves' immune system [26,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-Shock Proteins Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as an Indicator of Heat Stress in Beef Calves

Kim

Roh

et al. 2020

Animals

Journal of Dairy Research

“…A combination of vitamins A and E and microelements increased growth performance post-weaning, enhanced immune functions and antioxidant capacity (Bordignon et al ., 2019). An exciting approach was adding Saccharomyces boulardii to milk replacer to calves between 1–28 d of age (Lee et al ., 2019). It resulted in higher dry matter intake and improved gut health during thermoneutrality and higher dry matter intake, but lower rectal temperature and cortisol levels in experimental heat stress than that of untreated controls (Lee et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Nutritional Management In Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An exciting approach was adding Saccharomyces boulardii to milk replacer to calves between 1–28 d of age (Lee et al ., 2019). It resulted in higher dry matter intake and improved gut health during thermoneutrality and higher dry matter intake, but lower rectal temperature and cortisol levels in experimental heat stress than that of untreated controls (Lee et al ., 2019). The authors explained the results with the balancing effect of yeast supplementation on intestinal flora that lowered lipopolysaccharide absorption due to the leaky gut syndrome in times of heat stress.…”

Section: Nutritional Management In Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress in dairy calves from birth to weaning

Bakony

Jurkovich

2020

This Research Reflection collects current knowledge on the effects of heat stress in dairy calves. Chapters cover the concept of foetal programming, animal-based and environmental indicators of heat stress in the postnatal period, and methods of heat stress abatement. Conclusions for further research about economic efficiency, research methodology and an integrated approach of pre- and postnatal heat stress are also proposed.

“…Cold stress causes negative effects on growth performance and immune cell population by influencing metabolic and immunological activities [5,6]. Thus, hematological profiles, if measured, could be a good indicator of how stressors affect the immune function of the body [6][7][8][9]. The thermo-neutral zone for growing Korean native beef cattle is approximately 4 to 20 • C, and the critical temperature is approximately −10 • C [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Rumen-Protected L-Tryptophan Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Hematological and Biochemical Profiles, and Gene Expression in Korean Native Steers under Cold Environment

Priatno

et al. 2019

Animals

We assessed the growth performance, physiological traits, and gene expressions in steers fed with dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPT) under a cold environment. Eight Korean native steers were assigned to two dietary groups, no RPT (Control) and RPT (0.1% RPT supplementation on a dry matter basis) for six weeks. Maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the experiment were 6.7 °C and −7.0 °C, respectively. Supplementation of 0.1% RPT to a total mixed ration did not increase body weight but had positive effects of elevating average daily gain (ADG) and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) on days 27 and 48. The metabolic parameter showed a higher glucose level (on day 27) in the 0.1% RPT group compared to the control group. Real-time PCR analysis showed no significant differences in the expression of muscle (MYF6, MyoD, and Desmin) metabolism genes between the two groups, whereas the expression of fat (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4) metabolism genes was lower in the 0.1% RPT group than in the control group. Thus, we demonstrate that long-term (six weeks) dietary supplementation of 0.1% RPT was beneficial owing to enhanced growth performance by increasing the ADG and glucose level, decreasing FCR, and maintaining homeostasis in immune responses in beef steers in a cold environment.