Heat stress in dairy calves from birth to weaning

Bakony, Mikolt; Jurkovich, Viktor

doi:10.1017/s0022029920000618

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the present study, maternal heat stress during late gestation decreases BW by up to 570 days of age in SB3 group heifers born between July and September. These results corroborated those of other authors [68,69,[72][73][74][75][76][77] and confirm that a calf body weight can be significantly impacted by heat stress during the final weeks of gestation. However, what about the SB4 group?…”

Section: Season Of Birth and Father's Lineage Factors (Sb F)supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Raising Dairy Heifers on Their Performance and Reproduction after 12 Months

et al. 2021

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The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that a heifer’s growth, health, and reproduction after 12 months are impacted by rearing (feeding/housing) before weaning, their season of birth, and the father’s lineage. Fifty-one Holstein heifers, born during January–March (SB1), April–June (SB2), July–September (SB3), and October–December (SB4) and originating from four fathers, were assigned to one of the three rearing treatments: restricted suckling (RS), calf in a pen with the mother until the 21st day, sucking three times daily, then group pen (6 kg milk) to weaning; unrestricted suckling (US), calf in a pen with foster cows (6 kg milk) to weaning; and conventional rearing (CR), calf in a hutch until the 56th day, then group pen to weaning (milk replacer 6 kg). After weaning on the 84th day, heifers were kept in groups with the same ration. The growth of the live body weight (LBW), health, and reproduction were recorded. The LBW had a tendency to increase from the 360th to the 570th days in the US, and the reduced growth of the LBW was shown in the CR. Heifers of SB2 had the highest LBW at 570 days of age. The ages of the first insemination service and the conception varied significantly among the rearing groups. The results indicate that a heifer rearing method may have a significant impact on their later growth and fertility.

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Section: Season Of Birth and Father's Lineage Factors (Sb F)supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Raising Dairy Heifers on Their Performance and Reproduction after 12 Months

et al. 2021

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“…Also, Shivley et al (2018) reported that calves experiencing high temperature-humidity indices (50 to 69 and >70) grew at a slower rate than calves in a cooler climate, suggesting that heat stress may have a negative effect on ADG and, potentially, DFI. Others (Bakony and Jurkovich, 2020;Dado-Senn et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020) have indicated that postnatal heat stress reduces feed intake in young calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models to predict dry feed intake in Holstein calves to 4 months of age

Quigley

Dennis

Suarez-Mena

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Voluntary daily dry feed intake (DFI) in Holstein calves was predicted using 60,761 individual daily observations collected from 1,235 Holstein calves in 30 experiments from 4 research stations in the United States and Europe. Consumption of dry feed (calf starter and hay, kg/d or percent of body weight) was measured from 3 to 114 d of age. Linear models and 2-and 3-parameter nonlinear models were evaluated to predict DFI using age of calf, intake of milk replacer, ambient temperature, percent forage, and neutral detergent fiber concentration in ration dry matter (DM) as independent variables. The initial data set was randomly divided within study location into development (80% of all observations) and validation data sets, and initial screening was conducted using the development data set. Five nonlinear models and 3 linear models (candidate models) were identified and used in further model evaluation. Cross-validation studies (n = 20) with the validation data set were conducted by linear regression of DFI with predicted DFI as independent variable. Candidate models were subsequently evaluated with data from 12 published studies in 2 analyses. The exponential model that best predicted daily DFI in Holstein calves in original and external data sets was DFI (kg/d) = 1.3207 × e [(−5.3892 + 0.6376 × MEgap) × EXP(−0.0392 × Age)] -0.0013 × Temp + 0.0032 × NDFDM + 0.0026 × Age × MEgap -0.3646 × PctForage [coefficient of determination (R 2 ) = 0.92, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.96, and mean square error of prediction (MSEP) = 0.10 kg]; where MEgap (Mcal/d) = difference of daily metabolizable energy (ME) requirement and ME intake from milk replacer; Age = age of calf (d) from 3 to 114, Temp = mean daily ambient temperature (°C), NDFDM = ration neutral detergent fiber (% DM); PctForage = percent forage in ration DM. The linear model that best predicted DFI was DFI (kg/d = −0.1349 + 0.0106 × Age + 0.1808 × MEgap + 0.0013 × Age × MEgap + 0.0001 × Temp + 0.00002 × Age × Temp (R 2 = 0.93, CCC = 0.96, and MSEP = 0.10 kg). When Temp and ration characteristics were not included, optimal models were 1.4362 × e [(−4.6646 + 0.5234 × MEgap) × EXP(−0.0361 × Age)] + 0.0025 × Age × MEgap (R 2 = 0.92, CCC = 0.96, and MSEP = 0.11 kg) and −0.1344 + 0.0102 × Age + 0.1810 × MEgap + 0.0013 × Age × MEgap [R 2 = 0.93, CCC = 0.96, and MSEP = 0.10 kg]. Models of daily DFI may improve prediction of nutrient supply to young Holstein calves to approximately 4 mo of age, thereby increasing prediction of growth performance.

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“…1 With climate change and the global temperature increasing, the negative impacts of heat stress on dairy animals have increased. 1,2 Heat stress occurs when dairy animals generate and absorb more heat than they can get rid of by normal physiological activities, such as respiration, sweating, and air blowing. 2,3 Under heat stress conditions, dairy animals exhibit increases in heart rate, respiration, and rectal temperature and reductions in feed intake, both of them exerting negative impacts on milk performance.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat stress caused by high temperatures greatly decreases the milk production of dairy animals and results in considerable economic loss to dairy farmers . With climate change and the global temperature increasing, the negative impacts of heat stress on dairy animals have increased. , Heat stress occurs when dairy animals generate and absorb more heat than they can get rid of by normal physiological activities, such as respiration, sweating, and air blowing. , Under heat stress conditions, dairy animals exhibit increases in heart rate, respiration, and rectal temperature and reductions in feed intake, both of them exerting negative impacts on milk performance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Downregulation of CASTOR1 Inhibits Heat-Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Promotes Casein and Lipid Synthesis in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Gai

Wang

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Heat stress is one of the most important factors limiting the milk yields of dairy animals. This decline can be attributed to the heat-stress-induced apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells (MECs). The cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 (CASTOR1) is a crucial upstream regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, which has close connections with apoptosis. However, the specific roles of CASTOR1 in regulating the apoptosis and lactation of MECs are still obscure. In the present study, we found that heat stress promotes apoptosis and CASTOR1’s expression in HC11 cells. Downregulation of CASTOR1 inhibits heat-stress-induced apoptosis through a ROS-independent pathway. In addition, silencing of CASTOR1 promotes cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and milk component synthesis, and overexpressing of CASTOR1 reverses these observations. Furthermore, we found that silencing of CASTOR1 contributes to the nuclear transport of SREBP1 and promotes lipid synthesis. This study demonstrates the pivotal roles of CASTOR1 in heat-stress-induced apoptosis and milk component synthesis in MECs.

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Heat stress in dairy calves from birth to weaning

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of Raising Dairy Heifers on Their Performance and Reproduction after 12 Months

Effect of Raising Dairy Heifers on Their Performance and Reproduction after 12 Months

Models to predict dry feed intake in Holstein calves to 4 months of age

Downregulation of CASTOR1 Inhibits Heat-Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Promotes Casein and Lipid Synthesis in Mammary Epithelial Cells

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