Effect of Rye and Levels of Raw and Autoclaved Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) on Adhesion of Microflora to the Intestinal Mucosa ,

Untawale, G. G.; McGinnis, James

doi:10.3382/ps.0580928

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, in contrast to the findings of Hubener et al (2002) that an increase in the number of enterobacteria and enterococci was observed in birds given a wheat/rye diet, the mucosa-associated lactobacilli proliferated more than the mucosa-associated coliforms along the intestinal tract of birds given the wheat-based diet in the present experiment. These observations support the notion that diet can affect the profile of mucosa-associated bacteria, thus affecting the growth rate of birds (Untawale and Mcginnis, 1979;Danicke et al, 1999). Regardless of the type of cereal in diet, MOS consistently reduced the number of mucosa-associated coliforms in the small intestine, which is in agreement with the in vitro results reported by Peuranen et al (2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…(2002) that an increase in the number of enterobacteria and enterococci was observed in birds given a wheat/rye diet, the mucosa‐associated lactobacilli proliferated more than the mucosa‐associated coliforms along the intestinal tract of birds given the wheat‐based diet in the present experiment. These observations support the notion that diet can affect the profile of mucosa‐associated bacteria, thus affecting the growth rate of birds (Untawale and Mcginnis, 1979;Danicke et al., 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) are a group of such components in grains, such as wheat and barley, those have become prominent over the past two decades (Choct, 2002). Although the resultant increase in intestinal viscosity is the most important physiological impact on birds, it has been suggested that the anti‐nutritive effects of NSP are also mediated through the gut microflora (Choct et al., 1992, 1996), including potential pathogens that adhere to the mucosa of small intestine (Untawale and Mcginnis, 1979; Danicke et al., 1999). Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), which have been used in the last five decades, also appear to act partly by altering the microbial population and function of the gut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

Yang

Iji

Kocher³

et al. 2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given a corn or a wheat-based diet over a 21-day experimental period. Dietary MOS improved the growth performance of birds given the wheat-based diet compared to that of birds given the corn-based diet during 7-21 days of age. In line with this, the ileal digestibility of starch was increased by MOS at 21 days of age. The addition of MOS modulated the development of gut microflora. From day 7 to day 21, the numbers of mucosa-associated coliforms along the small intestine were decreased; whereas the numbers of mucosa-associated lactobacilli were increased by MOS, regardless of the cereal type in the diets. Dietary MOS also reduced the counts of coliforms and Clostridium perfringens in the caeca of birds by 21 days of age. Villus height at the jejunum was not affected by MOS but the crypt depth and the muscularis thickness were reduced. The specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in birds given the MOS-supplemented diet; whereas the development of leucine aminopeptidase was delayed by MOS. All these changes in the mucosal morphology and function were dependent on the type of cereal and/or the age of the birds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

Yang

Iji

Kocher³

et al. 2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…(2002) found that in vitro proliferation of C. perfringens was greater in extracts of digested wheat or barley than in an extract of digested maize, but there were no differences between extracts of the undigested cereals. Rye increases the adhesion of bacteria to the intestinal mucosa (Untawale & McGinnis, 1979). Furthermore, rye and barley cause wet and sticky litter conditions (Petersen, 1997) Figure 1.…”

Section: Necrotic Enteritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Rb¹

2005

Avian Pathology

422

319

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Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) are globally common, sometimes intercurrent, diseases of poultry. The risk of NE, due to the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens, has increased in recent years because of the voluntary or legally required withdrawal of the use of certain in-feed antibiotic growth promoters with anticlostridial activity. In-feed ionophorous anticoccidial drugs incidentally also possess anticlostridial activity. Such ionophores, although not banned, are usually precluded when live anticoccidial vaccines are used, potentially increasing yet further the risk of NE. This review provides information for the design of rational, integrated management strategies for the prevention and control of coccidiosis and NE in chickens by maintaining gut integrity. Because of differences in local availability of feed ingredients and national legislations regarding antibiotic growth promoters and anticoccidial vaccine licensing, no universal strategy is applicable. The diseases and their interactions are described under the headings of forms of disease, diagnosis, sources of infection, pathophysiological effects, predisposing factors, and control methods. Elements of gut integrity, which influences host predisposition and clinical responses to disease, include physical development, immune competence, gut enzyme activity, mucin production, gut flora and epithelial damage. Experimental studies of coccidiosis and NE are compared, and where possible reconciled, with field observations. Gaps in knowledge and necessary further experiments are identified. Insights are provided regarding interactions between coccidiosis, NE, and the use of live anticoccidial vaccines. Recent changes in NE prevalence in commercial flocks, and their possible causes, are discussed. The necessarily wide range of topics reviewed emphasizes the enormous complexity of this disease combination, and indicates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in order to reduce its harmful impact on the world's poultry industry.

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“…Moreover, since we have previously demonstrated that growth-promoting antibiotics reduce intestinal levels of bile salt hydrolase activity (5), we wanted to test whether an association existed between growth-depressing diets and intestinal bile salt hydrolase activity. It has been demonstrated that poultry diets formulated with rye or sucrose, in place of corn, depress weight gains, and these alternate dietary carbohydrates serve as experimental diets for assessing antibioticmediated growth promotion (24)(25)(26)(27). Thus, we anticipated that a qualitative shift in the intestinal population of bacteria in response to various dietary carbohydrates might be reflected by changes in the kinetic and physical properties of cholyltaurine hydrolase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary carbohydrates on bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase in poultry intestinal homogenates

Feighner

Dashkevicz

1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The bile salt hydrolase activity in intestinal homogenates reflects composite activities of the gastrointestinal microbial consortia. We have proposed that specific transformations of conjugated bile acids by the intestinal microflora result in the production of metabolites which depress the growth of poultry. The influence of dietary carbohydrates on the physical and kinetic properties of cholyltaurine hydrolase activity, one such bile acid-transforming enzyme in gastrointestinal homogenates of young chickens, was characterized by using a sensitive radiochemical assay. Cholyltaurine hydrolase activity in crude extracts of ileal homogenates was increased twofold by 0.25% Triton X-100 and a freeze-thaw cycle. The pH optimum for cholyltaurine hydrolase from ileal homogenates was very broad and reflected the pH range of poultry intestinal contents (i.e., 5.8 to 6.4). The carbohydrate component of the diet did not affect the apparent temperature optimum (41°C) or stability profile, nor did it affect the apparent Km for taurocholic acid hydrolysis (approximately 0.43 mM). The enzymes in intestinal homogenates were active on all taurine-conjugated bile acids tested. The carbohydrate component of the diet did, however, affect the specific activity of cholyltaurine hydrolase in ileal homogenates from chickens. The levels of cholyltaurine hydrolase activity (rye > sucrose > corn) in homogenates from birds fed the different diets were directly related to the amount of growth depression (rye > sucrose > corn) associated with feeding these dietary carbohydrates. These data suggest that intestinal levels of cholyltaurine hydrolase are correlated with the amount of carbohydrate-induced growth depression in poultry.

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Effect of Rye and Levels of Raw and Autoclaved Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) on Adhesion of Microflora to the Intestinal Mucosa ,

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

Effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut development of broilers given different cereal‐based diets

Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity

Effect of dietary carbohydrates on bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase in poultry intestinal homogenates

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