Effect of Rice Straw Compost on Cadmium Transfer and Metal-ions Distribution at Different Growth Stages of Soybean

Abstract

In soil-to-plant transfer of heavy metals, the amount absorbed and accumulated varies depending on the environment conditions. The absorption rate of cadmium (Cd) in plants differs considerably depending on the bioavailability of Cd in the soil, while usage by various organic matters is also reported to affect absorption patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the difference in the transfer of essential metal ions and Cd to various plant parts when rice straw compost was used to cultivate soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Daepung). In the two-leaf stage of soybean cultivated in a greenhouse, Cd was mixed in the soil, after which the Cd and essential metal ions contents, and physiological changes of soybean seedlings were studied on the 15th and 25th day. The Cd toxicity in the plant was reduced with the use of rice straw compost. Further, the Cd content varied with the plant part, and was higher in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf) than in the stem. When analyzed by leaf age, the Cd transfer was highest in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf), followed by mature leaves (1st and 2nd leaf). While there was no significant difference between plant tissues in the absorption rate of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) when rice straw compost was used against Cd toxicity, the absorption rate of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) showed a significant decline in both the control and rice straw compost treatment conditions, as well as a significant difference between leaf ages. Therefore, these results confirm that the use of rice straw compost against Cd toxicity is effective, and implies that the rate of Cd transfer in the soybean plant varies significantly with leaf age.Key words: Cadmium, Metal-ions distribution, Rice straw compost, SoybeanEffects of the application of rice straw compost on Cd concentrations in stems, mature leaves (1st, 2nd leaf), and young leaves (3rd, 4th leaf) of soybean plants grown on the Cd-contaminated soils for 15 days (A) and 25 days (B).

Ascorbate-Mediated Modulation of Cadmium Stress Responses: Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Status in Brassica napus

“…Moreover, because Cd is highly mobile in soil, it readily contaminates agricultural products through uptake and translocation, even in crops cultivated in soil containing low concentrations of Cd. Thus, Cd is a factor that threatens human health, as humans are high trophic level consumers and may experience Cd biomagnification (Kim et al, 2008;Hong et al, 2013;Jan et al, 2015;Khan et al, 2015;Jung et al, 2016Jung et al, , 2018bFarooq et al, 2018).…”

Effect of Phosphorus on the Cadmium Transfer and ROS-scavenging Capacity of Rice Seedlings

“…이는 Cd 스트레스에 노출된 여러 식물종들의 경우에서도 P시 용에 따라 건물중의 증가를 나타내는 보고와 유사한 결과를 보여주고 있다 (Jiang et al, 2007;Sajwan et al, 2002). (Fergusson, 1990;Park et al, 2009;Jung et al, 2015Jung et al, , 2016.…”

“…활성산소종 (reactive oxygen species, ROS)을 발생시켜 세포 내에서 지질과산화작용을 야기함으로써 세포막을 파괴 하고 최종적으로 세포를 사멸시킨다 (Barceló et al, 1988;Jung et al, 2015Jung et al, , 2016Lagriffoul et al, 1998;. 특히 카드뮴에 의해 발생된 산화적 스트레스는 활성산소종의 세포 내 축 적으로 인하여 탄수화물, 단백질, 지질 및 핵산의 생합성에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 산화 ․ 환원 항상성을 교란하여 정 상적인 생체 기능을 저해한다 (Gayomba et al, 2013;Singh and Agrawal, 2010;Singh et al, 2006, Xu et al, 2014.…”

“…식물에서 카드뮴의 흡수 정도는 토양 중에 존재하는 함량에 비례적으로 흡수되어지고, 일단 흡수된 카드뮴은 세포 내외 또는 특정조직에 축적된다 (Jung et al, 2016;Yan et al, 2010aYan et al, , 2010b. 그러나 식물은 과도하게 흡수된 카드뮴 의 독성을 최소화하기 위해 다양한 생리 ․ 생화학적 방어시스템을 가동하여 식물독성을 극복하고자 한다 (Raven and Loeppert, 1997;Salt et al, 1995).…”

“…카드뮴에 의해 유도되는 활성산소종의 소거에 항산화효소 및 비효소적인 GSH의 역할과 기능은 여러 연구를 통하여 잘 구명되었지만 (Harada et al, 2002;Meuwly and Rauser, 1992), 산화적인 스트레스에 의해 야기된 활성산 소종 소거, 산화 ․ 환원 (redox) 조절, 세포주기, 세포성장 및 손상된 DNA 복구 등에 관여하는 AsA의 기능과 역할은 아직도 연구가 미흡한 상태이다 (Kerk and Feldman, 1995;Luwe, 1996). 카드뮴의 식물전이는 작물의 재배환경과 더불어 여러 이온들의 상호작용에 따라 흡수 및 축적되는 정도가 상이하 게 나타난다 (Fergusson, 1990;Jung et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2012;Park et al, 2009). 비료의 3요소 중의 하나인 인과 중금속인 비소의 길항작용에 관한 연관성 연구는 여러 연구보고들을 통하여 확실한 정설로 자리매김을 하고 있는 실 정임에도 불구하고 (Brachhage et al, 2014;Gomes et al, 2014), 카드뮴과 인의 상호연관성 연구는 일부 식물에서의 연구를 제외하고 아직도 미진한 상태이므로 깊이있는 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다 (Arshad et al, 2016).…”