Effect of retraction materials on gingival health: A histopathological study

Abstract

Background:Gingival retraction methods are used in dentistry for impressions of subgingival crown margins, such as, mechanical, chemical, chemicomechanical, and surgical. These methods may injure the gingival sulcular epithelium. Hence, the present study is carried out to evaluate the effect of different retraction materials, such as, Expasyl, Magic Foam Cord, and impregnated retraction cord on the gingival sulcular epithelium.Materials and Methods:This study included 30 cases of bilateral premolar extraction patients with Loe and Silness gingival index zero. Retraction materials were kept in the dry, isolated labial gingival sulcus for the required time. The retraction materials were removed by rinsing with water. Retracted gingiva of 2 – 3 mm from the gingival margin along with the tooth was extracted and the decalcified sections were microscopically studied. Data analysis: Data were analyzed by applying the chi-square test.Results:This study showed better results with retraction paste as compared to the retraction cord, and there was a significant association between retraction materials and the relative degree of injury to the sulcular epithelium.Conclusion:There is a significant association between retraction materials and gingival sulcular epithelium. It can be stated that impregnated retraction cord, may be used commonly but it needs proper tissue manipulation and is technique sensitive. Newly advanced material in the form of retraction paste like Expasyl or Magic Foam Cord was found to be better than cord as assessed histologically, it respects periodontium.

Effect of a cordless retraction paste material on implant surfaces: an in vitro study

“…5 Phatale et al (2010) showed a higher percentage of intact junctional epithelium histologically with Expasyl  in comparison to the use of a retraction cord. 6 Junctional epithelium that surrounds implants is at greater risk of experiencing penetration damage than the more robust sulcus of natural teeth, when exposed to trauma such as gingival cord retraction procedures. Placement of a cordless retraction paste eliminates the risk of laceration of the sulcular groove.…”

Comparison between aluminum chloride and tetryzoline hydrochloride for control of vertical gingival displacement and crevicular fluid

“…The gingival displacement process generally promotes changes in the microcirculation of periodontal tissues, causing inflammation and an increase in the amount of crevicular fluid production 16 . Phatale et al 17 observed that junctional epithelium of teeth after gingival displacement with Ultrapak cord 00 impregnated with 5% AlCl 3 underwent major changes, such as intracellular degeneration and desquamation due to the chemical displacement methods used 17 . Therefore, the technique with gingival displacement cord, either associated with a chemical agent, or not, may damage the periodontal tissue and increase the amount of crevicular fluid [16][17][18] .…”

“…Phatale et al 17 observed that junctional epithelium of teeth after gingival displacement with Ultrapak cord 00 impregnated with 5% AlCl 3 underwent major changes, such as intracellular degeneration and desquamation due to the chemical displacement methods used 17 . Therefore, the technique with gingival displacement cord, either associated with a chemical agent, or not, may damage the periodontal tissue and increase the amount of crevicular fluid [16][17][18] . Therefore, a sensitive technique associated with correct manipulation of the soft tissues 17 during the introduction of the gingival displacement cord can be a very important and effective factor to avoid exacerbated tissue irritations 1 .…”

“…Therefore, the technique with gingival displacement cord, either associated with a chemical agent, or not, may damage the periodontal tissue and increase the amount of crevicular fluid [16][17][18] . Therefore, a sensitive technique associated with correct manipulation of the soft tissues 17 during the introduction of the gingival displacement cord can be a very important and effective factor to avoid exacerbated tissue irritations 1 . Moreover, it is important for the gingiva to be healthy and for the cervical terminal of the preparation not to be placed at exaggerated 2 depths.…”

An Efficient Technique of Bonding Orthodontic Attachments to Surgically Exposed Impacted Teeth

“…8 Histological studies have proved that it does not cause any adverse effects on the gingival and periodontal tissues and exhibits excellent biocompatibility. 9 Hemostatic agents ensure an easy and efficient way of bonding orthodontic attachments to impacted teeth immediately after surgical exposure and will go a long way in helping orthodontists bond better in a bloody field, minimizing the risk of bond failure. The bonded attachments can be immediately subjected to orthodontic forces without any risk of premature failure of the bond.…”