Effect of restraint systems on maxillofacial injury in frontal motor vehicle collisions

Cox, Daniel; Vincent, Drake; McGwin, Gerald; MacLennan, Paul A.; Holmes, Jon; Rue, Loring W.

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.005

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The reverse was observed for victims of motor vehicular crashes. We opine that a fair level of compliance with the seat belt use regulation by motor vehicle drivers and front seat occupants only may be responsible for this [21]. Rear seat passengers tend to go unrestrained and hence sustain more injuries during crashes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Facial Bone Fractures in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: An Update on Pattern of Presentation and Care

Oginni

Oladejo

Alake

et al. 2015

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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Aims Traumatic injuries remain a major cause of morbidity, mortality and economic loss worldwide. An audit of maxillofacial injuries presenting and managed at any facility is key to understanding the trends, strategies for prevention and improving outcome of care. We sought to study the pattern and treatment of facial bone fractures managed at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, between 2005 and 2013. Also, to compare these with the pattern in the preceding 29 years. Methods Data on patients' socio-demographics, dates of injury and presentation, interval before presentation, agent of injury, type of crash, patient's status, type(s) of fracture, extent of injury, treatment offered and outcome were collected and analyzed. Results 311 patients aged 5-72 years were reviewed. A male preponderance was observed. Peak age incidence was 21-30 years and 86.1 % of injuries resulted from road traffic crashes (RTC) most (67.5 %) of which were motorcycle related injuries. 215 patients sustained mandibular fractures in 311 sites while 141 patients sustained 225 midface fractures. Of the 242 patients managed definitively, only 11.2 % had open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion Motorcycle related RTC remains the major cause of facial bone fractures. Management with osteosynthesis is gradually emerging, although demonstrating fewer complications, it is unaffordable for a majority.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Facial Bone Fractures in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: An Update on Pattern of Presentation and Care

Oginni

Oladejo

Alake

et al. 2015

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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“…Of course, it seems that although wearing a seat belt is effective for preventing fatalities and generally decreasing the severity of injuries to the head or neck and to the trunk, it cannot prevent all oral and maxillofacial injuries in motor vehicle occupants [1]. Anyway, some authors confirmed that wearing a seat belt prevents the free flight of drivers within the vehicle and contact with the interior of the vehicle (other than the steering wheel) [8,9]. Furthermore, airbags protect motor vehicle passengers by providing a cushioning barrier between them and the vehicle's interior hard surfaces, thus making the benefits of an airbag in decreasing drivers' fatality well recognized [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epidemiology of these fractures varies depending on the geographic area, socioeconomic status, and the period of investigation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In many countries, traffic accidents are the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxillofacial fractures associated with motor vehicle accidents: A review of the current literature

Ruslin

Wolff

Forouzanfar

et al. 2015

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathol

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“…Although current legislation imposes the wearing of seat belts for passengers in all seating positions in the vehicle, there must be an educational campaign regarding the wearing of such devices, especially in the rear seats, where such prevention may bring a significant impact in the occurrence of facial fractures. The renewal of the passenger car fleet ought to bring more security, with an increase in the use of airbags (which have already proved to be an important tool in the prevention of facial fractures [6][7][8] ), thus reducing the incidence of fractures among drivers by interposing themselves between the driver's face and the steering wheel. A more comprehensive study of the dynamics of car accidents, mainly of those which involve rear-seat passengers, will probably bring benefits through the development of new safety devices for these commuters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Several studies reveal the influence of security items such as airbags and seat belts, [5][6][7] but few have analyzed the effect of the seating position inside the vehicle. 8 There are economic, cultural and development differences among countries that must be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seating Position, Seat Belt Wearing, and the Consequences in Facial Fractures in Car Occupants

Fonseca

Goldenberg

Alonso

et al. 2007

Clinics

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. Seating position, seat belt wearing, and the consequences in facial fractures in car occupants. Clinics. 2007;62(3):289-94. INTRODUCTION:Trauma caused by traffic accidents is among the main etiologies involved in the occurrence of facial fractures throughout the world. However, the trauma mechanisms involved are different according to the location where the study was performed, due to different conditions of development, legislation, and culture. A retrospective study was done between February 2001 and July 2006, with the purpose of determining the epidemiology and the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of facial fractures among car occupants in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. METHODS: Data were collected from 297 patients admitted with facial fractures to the emergency room of the Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. Within this period, 151 individuals had been involved in traffic accidents, among which 56 (37.08%) were inside passenger cars. These were grouped based on the seating position that they were occupying at the time of the accident and the wearing of seat belts. Data concerning the number and location of fracture lines were obtained from the different groups, and a fracture/patient index (F/P I) was calculated to compare and make reference to the impact energy among these groups, for subsequent analysis and discussion. RESULTS: 323 fracture lines occurred among 56 patients who were car occupants. By applying the F/P I, we obtained higher values in the group of rear-seat passengers who were not wearing seat belts (7.23 fractures per patient), followed by the group of drivers not wearing seat belts (6.33 fractures per patient), the group of front-seat passengers not wearing seat belts (5.58 fractures per patient), the group of drivers wearing seat belts (5.54 fractures per patient) and, finally, the group of front-seat passengers wearing seat belts (4.00 fractures per patient). None of the rear-seat passengers was wearing seat belts. CONCLUSION: The data collected indicate that the driver position shows a high incidence of facial fractures, not being effectively protected by the seat belt, although the wearing of seat belts seems to have a protective role against the occurrence of facial fractures in front-seat passengers. It was not possible to evaluate the wearing of seat belts among rear-seat passengers, even though the high incidence of fractures in this group showed its high susceptibility to the occurrence of facial fractures, which highlights the need of taking protective measures against this situation.

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Effect of restraint systems on maxillofacial injury in frontal motor vehicle collisions

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Facial Bone Fractures in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: An Update on Pattern of Presentation and Care

Facial Bone Fractures in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: An Update on Pattern of Presentation and Care

Maxillofacial fractures associated with motor vehicle accidents: A review of the current literature

Seating Position, Seat Belt Wearing, and the Consequences in Facial Fractures in Car Occupants

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