Effect of Replacing Surface Inlets with Blind or Gravel Inlets on Sediment and Phosphorus Subsurface Drainage Losses

Feyereisen, Gary W.; Francesconi, Wendy; Smith, Douglas R.; Papiernik, Sharon K.; Krueger, Erik S.; Wente, Christopher D.

doi:10.2134/jeq2014.05.0219

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Feyereisen et al (2015) herein describe research with "blind" inlets in which previously open surface inlets were capped with soil and gravel to promote filtration without severely restricting drainage. Over 7 yr of paired comparisons between open and blind inlets in Indiana, total P and dissolved P loads were 66 and 50% lower from blind inlets than from open inlets.…”

Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Fate, Management, and Modeling in Artificially Drained Systems

et al. 2015

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Phosphorus (P) losses in agricultural drainage waters, both surface and subsurface, are among the most difficult form of nonpoint source pollution to mitigate. This special collection of papers on P in drainage waters documents the range of field conditions leading to P loss in drainage water, the potential for drainage and nutrient management practices to control drainage losses of P, and the ability of models to represent P loss to drainage systems. A review of P in tile drainage and case studies from North America, Europe, and New Zealand highlight the potential for artificial drainage to exacerbate watershed loads of dissolved and particulate P via rapid, bypass flow and shorter flow path distances. Trade-offs are identified in association with drainage intensification, tillage, cover crops, and manure management. While P in drainage waters tends to be tied to surface sources of P (soil, amendments or vegetation) that are in highest concentration, legacy sources of P may occur at deeper depths or other points along drainage flow paths. Most startling, none of the major fate-and-transport models used to predict management impacts on watershed P losses simulate the dominant processes of P loss to drainage waters. Because P losses to drainage waters can be so difficult to manage and to model, major investment are needed (i) in systems that can provide necessary drainage for agronomic production while detaining peak flows and promoting P retention and (ii) in models that can adequately describe P loss to drainage waters.

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Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Fate, Management, and Modeling in Artificially Drained Systems

et al. 2015

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“…Farmers in humid and semi-humid regions apply fertilizers for profitable crop production, but some of the N and P can rapidly be transported to surface water bodies via subsurface drainage[5–8]. Another possible path of nutrient transport to surface water bodies is surface inlets (sometimes called open inlets) that connect to subsurface drainage systems[9,10]. The subsurface drainage path of nutrient transport from cropland with manure and inorganic fertilizer application has been well documented in plot[11,12], and on-farm experiments[13–16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Contaminant Transport in Agricultural Drainage Water and Urban Stormwater Runoff

et al. 2016

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Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and urban landscapes to surface water bodies can cause adverse environmental impacts. The main objective of this long-term study was to quantify and compare contaminant transport in agricultural drainage water and urban stormwater runoff. We measured flow rate and contaminant concentration in stormwater runoff from Willmar, Minnesota, USA, and in drainage water from subsurface-drained fields with surface inlets, namely, Unfertilized and Fertilized Fields. Commercial fertilizer and turkey litter manure were applied to the Fertilized Field based on agronomic requirements. Results showed that the City Stormwater transported significantly higher loads per unit area of ammonium, total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) than the Fertilized Field, but nitrate load was significantly lower. Nitrate load transport in drainage water from the Unfertilized Field was 58% of that from the Fertilized Field. Linear regression analysis indicated that a 1% increase in flow depth resulted in a 1.05% increase of TSS load from the City Stormwater, a 1.07% increase in nitrate load from the Fertilized Field, and a 1.11% increase in TP load from the Fertilized Field. This indicates an increase in concentration with a rise in flow depth, revealing that concentration variation was a significant factor influencing the dynamics of load transport. Further regression analysis showed the importance of targeting high flows to reduce contaminant transport. In conclusion, for watersheds similar to this one, management practices should be directed to load reduction of ammonium and TSS from urban areas, and nitrate from cropland while TP should be a target for both.

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“…In fact, most of the early work conducted on P removal structures was in the context of municipal, domestic, and agricultural wastewater; the structures were often used in conjunction with treatment wetlands (Table 1). Different styles of P removal structures comply with these four characteristics, including surface runoff confined bed filters [12,13], PSM beds for wastewater [14,15], subsurface beds for wetlands [16][17][18], subsurface tile drain filters [11], enveloped tile drains [19,20], drainage ditch filters [21][22][23], modular perforated boxes [21], bio-retention cells [24,25] and blind inlets [26].…”

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A Review of Phosphorus Removal Structures: How to Assess and Compare Their Performance

Penn

Chagas

Klimeski

et al. 2017

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Controlling dissolved phosphorus (P) losses to surface waters is challenging as most conservation practices are only effective at preventing particulate P losses. As a result, P removal structures were developed to filter dissolved P from drainage water before reaching a water body. While many P removal structures with different P sorption materials (PSMs) have been constructed over the past two decades, there remains a need to evaluate their performances and compare on a normalized basis. The purpose of this review was to compile performance data of pilot and field-scale P removal structures and present techniques for normalization and comparison. Over 40 studies were normalized by expressing cumulative P removal as a function of cumulative P loading to the contained PSM. Results were further analyzed as a function of retention time (RT), inflow P concentration, and type of PSM. Structures treating wastewater were generally more efficient than non-point drainage water due to higher RT and inflow P concentrations. For Ca-rich PSMs, including slag, increased RT allowed for greater P removal. Among structures with low RT and inflow P concentrations common to non-point drainage, Fe-based materials had an overall higher cumulative removal efficiency compared to non-slag and slag materials.

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Effect of Replacing Surface Inlets with Blind or Gravel Inlets on Sediment and Phosphorus Subsurface Drainage Losses

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Phosphorus Fate, Management, and Modeling in Artificially Drained Systems

Phosphorus Fate, Management, and Modeling in Artificially Drained Systems

Comparison of Contaminant Transport in Agricultural Drainage Water and Urban Stormwater Runoff

A Review of Phosphorus Removal Structures: How to Assess and Compare Their Performance

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