Effect of reinforcement contingencies in increasing programmed reading and mathematics behaviors in first-grade children

Selecting Intervention Strategies: Using Brief Experimental Analysis for Mathematics Problems

“…Recommended strategies for this type of motivation problem include rewards contingent on performance. A plethora of research has demonstrated that contingent reinforcement increases motivation to improve accurate task completion (Holt, 1971;Taffel & O'Leary, 1976) and performance (e.g., Noell et al, 1998). Motivation problems may also surface as a result of low skill fluency (Skinner, 1998).…”

Improving Oral Reading Fluency: A Brief Experimental Analysis of Combining an Antecedent Intervention With Consequences

“…Two types of consequences that have been shown to improve students' reading performance are contingent reinforcement and performance feedback. Providing reinforcement (i.e., delivering preferred stimuli) contingent on accurate or increased oral reading responses has been shown to improve the reading performance of students in general and special education classrooms (Billingsley, 1977;Holt, 1971;Jenkins, Barksdale, & Clinton, 1978). Providing students with information about their behavior, or performance feedback, also has been demonstrated to be effective in improving the academic and behavioral functioning of elementary, secondary, and special education students (Kastelen, Nickel, & McLaughlin, 1984;Van Houten, Hill, & Parsons, 1975).…”

The effects of verbal reinforcement and contingency management in increasing and stabilizing responses in reading behaviours: A report

“…3. That reinforcement procedures were most effective when used with highly structured programmed materials (Holt, 1971;Sulzer et al, 1971). However, only one of these studies outlined procedures suitable for use in the normal classroom situation.…”

“…Reinforcement principles have been utilised in the problem of teaching reading in a number of applied studies over the last ten years (Lahey & Durham, 1974;Holt, 1971;Gray, Baker & Stancyk, 1969;Sulzer, Hint & Krains, 1971;Staats & Butterfield, 1965;Staats, Minke & Wolf, 1964). These research studies outlined systematic steps to gain appropriate reading behaviours.…”