Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (RESPIRE): a randomised controlled trial

Smith, Kirk R.; McCracken, John P.; Weber, Martin; Hubbard, Alan; Jenny, Alisa; Thompson, Lisa; Balmes, John R.; Díaz, Anaité; Arana, Byron; Bruce, Nigel

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60921-5

Cited by 487 publications

(469 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Healthy feeding, maintenance of an unpolluted environment and adequate immunization are factors that can protect children against bacterial pneumonia. (2,3) Bacterial pneumonia is considered a condition handled under primary health care (PHC) services; therefore, effective actions at this level of care -prevention, early diagnosis and follow-up of population health conditions -should help avoid hospitalization, especially among children. (4) PHC is applied in Brazil throughout the Family Health Strategy (FHS) Program, is based mainly on universal and continuous access in a system characterized by a close relationship between the health team and a specific population, and provides value in both the care provided by the health professionals and systematic follow-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Análise da tendência das taxas de internações por pneumonia bacteriana em crianças e adolescentes

et al. 2015

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Objective: To analyze distribution and tendency of hospital admissions rates for bacterial pneumonia in children and adolescents. Methods: This ecological, time series study included secondary data obtained from the Hospital Information System of the SUS. We calculated hospital admission coefficients for 10,000 inhabitants triennially. For the analysis of tendency, a model of polynomial regression was used. Results: Most hospital admissions occurred in the East health macro-region between the second and fourth triennial periods. Rates were higher for children age one to four years and in male patients throughout the study period. We observed an increased tendency toward hospital admission in children younger than one year. Conclusion: Hospital admission rates for pneumonia differ by health macro-region, age and sex. The region with the highest incidence was the East region, and boys aged one to four years were more affected. A growing tendency was seen in children younger than one year. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar a distribuição e a tendência das taxas de internações por pneumonia bacteriana em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais com dados secundários obtidos no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram calculados coeficientes de internação para 10.000 habitantes, por triênio. Para análise de tendência utilizaram-se modelos de regressão polinomial. Resultados: As maiores taxas de internação ocorreram na Macrorregião de Saúde Oeste, entre o segundo e o quarto triênio. As taxas foram maiores na faixa etária de um a quatro anos e no sexo masculino, durante todo o período. Observou-se tendência crescente das internações em crianças menores de um ano. Conclusão: As taxas de internação por pneumonia diferem por macrorregional de saúde, idade e sexo, sendo maior na região oeste, em crianças do sexo masculino e com idade entre um e quatro anos, com tendência crescente entre os menores de um ano.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Análise da tendência das taxas de internações por pneumonia bacteriana em crianças e adolescentes

et al. 2015

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“…Women are also more likely to do the cooking, and sometimes rely on less clean biomass fuels. Exposure to indoor air pollution due to household combustion of wood and other unprocessed biomass fuel has been associated with reduced birth weight, (Mishra et al, 2004;Pope et al, 2010) acute respiratory infection in children, (Mishra, 2003;Smith et al, 2011) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women (Ekici et al, 2005;Orozco-Levi et al, 2006). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has also classified emissions from household combustion of coal as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1 carcinogen) and emissions from household combustion of biomass as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) (IARC, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in pregnant women in Trujillo, Peru — Comparison of different fuel types used for cooking

Adetona

Sjödin

et al. 2013

Environment International

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Women and children in developing countries are often exposed to high levels of air pollution including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which may negatively impact their health, due to household combustion of biomass fuel for cooking and heating. We compared creatinine adjusted hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in pregnant women in Trujillo, Peru who cook with wood to levels measured in those who cook with kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas or a combination of fuels. Seventy-nine women were recruited for the study between May and July 2004 in the first trimester of their pregnancy. Urine samples were collected from the subjects in the first, second and third trimesters for OH-PAH analyses. The concentrations of the OH-PAHs were compared across the type of fuel used for cooking and pregnancy trimesters. The relationships between OH-PAHs levels in the first trimester and concurrently measured personal exposures to PM 2.5 , carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide together with their indoor and outdoor air concentrations were also investigated. Women cooking with wood or kerosene had the highest creatinine adjusted OH-PAH concentrations compared with those using gas, coal briquette or a combination of fuels. Concentrations of creatinine adjusted 2-hydroxy-fluorene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxy-fluorene, 2-hydroxy-phenanthrene and 4-hydroxy-phenanthrene were significantly higher (p<0.05) in women who used wood or kerosene alone compared with women who used liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), coal briquette or a combination of fuels. An increase in the concentrations of creatinine adjusted 9-hydroxy-fluorene, 1-hydroxy-phenanthrene, 2- Conflict of interest statementThe authors declare no conflict of interest. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript hydroxy-phenanthrene, 4-hydroxy-phenanthrene and 1-hydroxy-pyrene in the third trimesters was also observed. Weak positive correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient, ρ<0.4; p<0.05) was observed between all first trimester creatinine adjusted OH-PAHs and indoor (kitchen and living room), and personal 48-h TWA PM 2.5 . Women who cooked exclusively with wood or kerosene had higher creatinine adjusted OH-PAH levels in their urine samples compared to women who cooked with LPG or coal briquette.

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“…More efficient biomass stoves (ideally attaining nearly complete combustion) have been a successful solution. In Guatemala, child pneumonia decreased by half in houses that successfully (90% reduction in the levels of indoor air pollutants) installed wood stoves with chimneys (Smith et al, 2011). Additionally, improved cooking stoves reduce GHG emissions, both benefiting public health and mitigating climate change .…”

Section: Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How can ecological urbanism promote human health?

Fajersztajn

Alves

Coelho³

et al. 2015

urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana

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This special issue of URBE dedicated to Ecological Urbanism focuses on the role architects, landscape designers and urban planners can play in promoting healthier cities in Latin America. In this paper, we survey some of the empirical evidence that links the built environment with particular health outcomes. For many centuries, urban settlements were associated with adverse health outcomes, especially related to untreatable epidemics. As the science of disease transmission developed throughout the nineteenth century, the infrastructure of cities was transformed to promote improved public health. Significant gains were made, but in much of the world -Latin America included -urban health still remains a major challenge, all the more so as drug resistant strains of disease have become more prevalent. We believe Ecological Urbanism offers a promising framework for addressing these challenges. Distinguished by its integrated, multi-disciplinary foundation, Ecological Urbanism directly links both population and habitat health. This creates a natural opportunity for the design professions to play a more consequential role in shaping the health of urban settlements and, by extension, the regions they center.

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Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (RESPIRE): a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 487 publications

References 34 publications

Análise da tendência das taxas de internações por pneumonia bacteriana em crianças e adolescentes

Análise da tendência das taxas de internações por pneumonia bacteriana em crianças e adolescentes

Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in pregnant women in Trujillo, Peru — Comparison of different fuel types used for cooking

How can ecological urbanism promote human health?

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