Effect of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor and translationally controlled tumor protein on 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate‑treated pulp cells

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a potential signaling protein that may promote angiogenesis. VEGF also helps cells survive in stressfull or hazardous conditions. The present study aimed to compare the effect of VEGF with translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), an anti‑apoptotic protein in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), following exposure to 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is a major residual monomer from resin restorative dental materials. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and gene expressions for odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation markers of HDPCs were investigated, following exposure to HEMA and in combination with TCTP and VEGF. The results revealed that TCTP at 1 ng/ml and VEGF at 10 ng/ml significantly promoted the proliferation of HDPCs (P<0.05). TCTP (1 ng/ml) and VEGF (10 ng/ml) maintained the cell viability of 4 mM HEMA‑treated cells at the same percentage as the control. However, cells treated with HEMA+TCTP+VEGF had a lower cell viability than the groups treated with HEMA and TCTP or VEGF alone. TCTP and VEGF promoted cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization, and upregulated of DSPP, DMP‑1, BMP‑2, and ALP mRNA expression compared with the control. Furthermore, the HEMA+TCTP and HEMA+VEGF groups had significantly higher percentages of calcium deposition than HEMA‑treated cells (P<0.001). HEMA was cytotoxic to HDPCs, reduced ALP activity and caused the significant downregulation of odontogenic and osteogenic gene expressions (P<0.05). It was concluded that VEGF and TCTP promoted pulp cell growth and the survival of HEMA‑treated cells without synergistic effects. TCTP was required in lower concentrations for these effects. VEGF and TCTP enhanced cell differentiation and mineralization.

Rapid transient expression of functional human vascular endothelial growth factor in Nicotiana benthamiana and characterization of its biological activity

“…The results showed that the plant-produced VEGF did not show any cytotoxic effect on HaCat cells in all the concentrations tested. This is consistent with the earlier reports which showed that recombinant VEGF [ 43 , 45 , 46 ] effectively promotes the growth of epithelial cells, oral primary cells and endothelial cells at low concentration.…”

Biological activities of a recombinant fortilin from Fenneropenaeus merguiensis

“…The rFm-GST-TCTP protein has been reported to promote mineral deposition via activation alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) [48]. Besides, the rFm-Fortilin (FL) without glutathione S-transferase (GST)-in this studied was confirmed to promote cell mineralization.…”