Effect of reaction conditions on the deactivation by coke of a NiAl2O4 spinel derived catalyst in the steam reforming of bio-oil

García-Gómez, Naiara; Valecillos, José; Remiro, Aingeru; Valle, Beatríz; Bilbao, Javier; Gayubo, Ana G.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120445

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Three distinct peaks at 1342, 1578, and 2680 cm −1 corresponding to the D‐band, G‐band, and G'‐band peak, respectively, were observed. These Raman features may correspond to those of the carbon filaments with a high degree of amorphousness, provided by the atypical lengths in comparison to those of typical carbon nanotubes 68. In general, the intensity ratio of the D‐band and the G‐band ( I D / I G ) was used to quantitatively represent the degree of graphitization, and the ratio of the G'‐band to the G‐band ( I G' / I G ) was used to compare the content of defects 71.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Deposited on the Catalysts Interestingly, it can be clearly observed that the diameter of the carbon filaments on Ni15/O was significantly larger than that of the filaments on Cu3/Ni12/O (S/C = 0). The increase in the size of the carbon filaments led to the encapsulation of Ni crystals, and these carbon filaments were deposited directly on the support surface, hindering the access to the support sites and leading to catalyst deactivation [68]. These results indicate that the addition of Cu metal to the Ni/O catalyst significantly inhibited the growth in size of the carbon filaments on the Ni sites, which may be attributed to the oxygen affinity of Cu.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Carbonmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This suggests that a higher temperature not only promoted the conversion of carbon to gas, but also the carbon elimination reaction. The differential TGA (DTG) profile curves can be divided into two peaks, the low-temperature peak (300-500 °C) and the high-temperature peak (500-700 °C), corresponding to the oxidization of amorphous and graphitic carbon, respectively [68][69][70]. According to the DTG results in Fig.…”

Section: Tga Of the Spent Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene as Model Tar Compound of Biomass Gasification over Cu/Ni/Olivine

et al. 2022

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Bimetallic Cu/Ni/olivine catalysts with various Cu/Ni mass ratios were prepared for steam reforming of toluene as model tar compound. The effects of the Cu/Ni ratio, the reaction temperature, and the steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) on the steam reforming of toluene were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. Among the catalysts, olivine coated with 3 wt % CuO and 12 wt % NiO (Cu3/Ni12/O) achieved higher catalytic performance and structural stability due to the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu. The appropriate S/C and a higher temperature were beneficial to steam reforming of toluene. The catalytic performance was not only affected by the amount but also by the types of carbon deposition. Compared with the amorphous carbon, the larger amount of graphitic carbon formed on the catalyst surface was more likely to lead to a decreased catalytic performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Characterization Of the Carbonmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Tga Of the Spent Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene as Model Tar Compound of Biomass Gasification over Cu/Ni/Olivine

et al. 2022

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“…The evolution along time on stream of the conversion and products yields in the SR of each individual compound have been analysed, as well as the amount, nature, morphology and location of the coke deposited on the catalyst used by means of several techniques: temperature programed oxidation (TPO), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental conditions used are similar to those previously used in the SR of raw bio-oil with the same catalyst [31], which has allowed a direct comparison of the catalyst performance in the SR of each individual oxygenate with that obtained in the SR of raw bio-oil. The results have allowed stablishing the main responsible of catalyst deactivation during SR of bio-oil, as well as the coke characteristics that mainly affect the deactivation of the catalyst.…”

Section: Hydrocarbon Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Deactivation by Coke of Nial2o4 Spinel Derived Catalysts in the Bio-Oil Steam Reforming: Role of Individual Oxygenates

Landa¹,

Remiro²,

Valecillos³

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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“…The conversion of biomass to renewable hydrogen (H 2 ) is of major interest as it can be used as a fuel in combustion engines and fuel cells or may be used for the synthesis of useful chemicals and high energy density transportation biofuels [13,14]. Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel available since its utilization produces only steam vapors and does not pollute the atmosphere with CO 2 , greenhouse gases or other emissions [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Steam Reforming of Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Operating Parameters, Catalytic Systems and Technological Innovations

et al. 2021

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The present review focuses on the production of renewable hydrogen through the catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil, the liquid product of the fast pyrolysis of biomass. Although in theory the process is capable of producing high yields of hydrogen, in practice, certain technological issues require radical improvements before its commercialization. Herein, we illustrate the fundamental knowledge behind the technology of the steam reforming of bio-oil and critically discuss the major factors influencing the reforming process such as the feedstock composition, the reactor design, the reaction temperature and pressure, the steam to carbon ratio and the hour space velocity. We also emphasize the latest research for the best suited reforming catalysts among the specific groups of noble metal, transition metal, bimetallic and perovskite type catalysts. The effect of the catalyst preparation method and the technological obstacle of catalytic deactivation due to coke deposition, metal sintering, metal oxidation and sulfur poisoning are addressed. Finally, various novel modified steam reforming techniques which are under development are discussed, such as the in-line two-stage pyrolysis and steam reforming, the sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) and the chemical looping steam reforming (CLSR). Moreover, we argue that while the majority of research studies examine hydrogen generation using different model compounds, much work must be done to optimally treat the raw or aqueous bio-oil mixtures for efficient practical use. Moreover, further research is also required on the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of the process, as these have not yet been fully understood.

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Effect of reaction conditions on the deactivation by coke of a NiAl2O4 spinel derived catalyst in the steam reforming of bio-oil

Cited by 55 publications

References 65 publications

Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene as Model Tar Compound of Biomass Gasification over Cu/Ni/Olivine

Catalytic Steam Reforming of Toluene as Model Tar Compound of Biomass Gasification over Cu/Ni/Olivine

Unveiling the Deactivation by Coke of Nial2o4 Spinel Derived Catalysts in the Bio-Oil Steam Reforming: Role of Individual Oxygenates

Recent Progress in the Steam Reforming of Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Operating Parameters, Catalytic Systems and Technological Innovations

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