Effect of raw material milling on ceramic proppants properties

Mocciaro, Anabella; Lombardi, Maria Barbara; Scian, Alberto N.

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.12.009

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Evidently the maturing temperature range is between 1350 and 1450 °C. this corresponds with previous reports [2,3,5]. The chosen batch samples temperatures were based on this analysis.…”

Section: Bauxite -Gd 2 O 3 Mixtures Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…An industrial grade bauxite was employed as the model bauxite [2]. The main properties of the employed Bauxite are shown in Table I.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Procedures 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical thermochemical processes of the kaolinite alumina mixtures occur below this temperature [12,35,36]. The amount of mullite developed (primary and secondary) [37] corresponds to the kaolinite present in the starting raw material [2]. No crystalline silica phases (SiO 2 ), such as cristobalite or quartz, nor silica based glass were detected.…”

Section: Developed Crystalline and Non-crystalline Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ceramic proppants have widely demonstrated their suitability to fulfill these requirements with a good cost-availability-performance relation. Ceramic proppants belong to the Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system and are manufactured from bauxite and/or kaolin clays (US Patent 8,234,072 B2); [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramics based on bauxite and Gd2O3

et al. 2020

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The effect of the addition of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) up to 10 wt.% in bauxite was studied and its thermal behavior compared with pure bauxite. The incorporation of Gd2O3 is of technological interest for the design of smart traceable ceramic proppants used for unconventional gas and oil well stimulation. These high macroscopic neutron capture cross section proppants are used to obtain relevant information, such as the location and height of the created hydraulic fractures, through a neutron based detection technology. The study comprised a set of thermal and sintering behavior analyses up to 1500 ?C of mixtures up to 10 wt.% addition of Gd2O3. The developed texture and microstructure was also assessed. A simple mechanical characterization was performed as well. Fully-dense pore-free microstructures were developed, with alumina and mullite as the main crystalline phases. Gadolinium secondary and ternary alumino-silicate phases were also observed after thermal treatment. These present a needle morphology that might result in reinforcement mechanisms. No important glassy phase was detected; although sintering was enhanced, the Gd2O3 oxide main role was found to be as a sintering aid rather than a strict flux agent. The mechanical behavior remained fragile with the rare oxide addition. In fact, the mechanical resistance increased up to 20 wt.% for the 10 wt.% added sample. The oxide addition together with the bauxite dehydroxilation mass loss resulted in materials with up to 1.5 x 105 (c.u.) macroscopic neutron capture cross section materials. The obtained results permit to define design strategies of high macroscopic neutron capture ceramic materials for wellbore and developed fractures description.

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“…Evidently the maturing temperature range is between 1350 and 1450 °C. this corresponds with previous reports [2,3,5]. The chosen batch samples temperatures were based on this analysis.…”

Section: Bauxite -Gd 2 O 3 Mixtures Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…An industrial grade bauxite was employed as the model bauxite [2]. The main properties of the employed Bauxite are shown in Table I.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Procedures 21 Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developed Crystalline and Non-crystalline Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramics based on bauxite and Gd2O3

et al. 2020

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“…The larger particle size of bauxite led to the lower surface energy of bauxite, thereby being unfavorable for promoting the sintering of ceramic proppants. In addition, it was well accepted that solid‐state reaction rate had a negative correlation with the particle size . On the other hand, particle size had a strong effect on granulation as well for the granulation primarily depended on capillary force generated by wetting raw materials between particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure, properties, and crushing behavior of ceramic proppants

Tian

2019

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Ceramic proppants with excellent performance were successfully prepared by second grade bauxite. The phase structure and the microstructure were investigated via X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that bulk density and apparent density constantly increased, while the breakage ratio gradually decreased with the increasing in sintering temperature. When the sintering temperature reached to 1500°C, the breakage ratio obtained lowest value of 3.6% under 52 MPa closed pressure, which satisfied the requirement of Chinese Petroleum and Gas Industry standard. Furthermore, the mode of fracture for ceramic proppants was transformed from intergranular fracture into transgranular fracture and open pores had larger influence than closed pores for breakage ratio of ceramic proppants. K E Y W O R D Sbauxite, breakage ratio, crushing bebavior, proppants, sintering temperature How to cite this article: Ma H, Tian Y, Li G. Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure, properties, and crushing behavior of ceramic proppants. Int J Appl

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Case Study: Strength Evolution in Ceramic Particles

2023

Particle Strengths

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Effect of raw material milling on ceramic proppants properties

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

High macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramics based on bauxite and Gd2O3

High macroscopic neutron capture cross section ceramics based on bauxite and Gd2O3

Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure, properties, and crushing behavior of ceramic proppants

Case Study: Strength Evolution in Ceramic Particles

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